Portal hypertension in China is mainly complicated by post-hepatitis cirrhosis and, to a lesser extent, schistosomiasis cirrhosis. The traditional surgical treatment for portal hypertension in cirrhosis is splenectomy portal chirurgical dissection and portal vena cava shunt. The former resolves hypersplenism and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but there is still a certain rate of rebleeding after surgery. The latter reduces portal vein pressure but decreases the inflow of blood into the liver from the portal vein, inducing liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. Traditional surgical treatments treat only the clinical complications and do not address portal cirrhosis. Therefore, many severe cases of portal hypertension in cirrhosis have resorted to liver transplantation when they reach the end of the disease course and all treatments fail to control or reverse the disease. In recent years, with the successful development of new organ preservation fluids, the introduction of new immunosuppressive agents, the increasing maturity of liver transplantation techniques, and the improvement of perioperative management, liver transplantation has become the only effective treatment for cirrhotic portal hypertension. The practical phase. To date, there are more than 200 liver transplantation centers worldwide, and more than 200,000 liver transplants have been performed, with a 1-year survival rate of 90%, a 5-year survival rate of 80%, and a maximum survival time of 35 years, and marriage and children. In the last 20 years, there have been great advances in the management of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in portal hypertension, including resuscitation techniques, drug therapy, endoscopic ligation and sclerosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and advances in liver transplantation, resulting in a 20-30% decrease in in-hospital mortality in patients with esophageal variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Endoscopic variceal ligation EVL is a revolutionary change in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in portal hypertension and has been widely used in clinical practice. Indications for liver transplantation in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis: Liver transplantation should be considered in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension when liver function is severely impaired, with a Child-Pugh grade C, and when the following complications occur: 1. Hepatic encephalopathy or hepatic coma (stage I or II), with blood ammonia above 80 mg/dl. 2. Advanced cirrhosis combined with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 3, Intractable ascites causing abdominal distention, ankle edema, and serum albumin persistently below 25g/L. 4.Severe coagulation dysfunction with bleeding tendency, PT prolongation of more than 10s, international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 1.4. 5.Jaundice, generalized skin and sclera yellow staining, serum bilirubin of 170~250umol/L or more. 6.Hepatic and renal failure and severe failure related to liver disease. 7.Early hepatocellular carcinoma with severe cirrhosis. Post-hepatitis B cirrhosis as an indication for liver transplantation is still controversial. The key is the problem of post-operative recurrence of hepatitis B. The anti-hepatitis B virus drug lamivudine developed in recent years can effectively inhibit viral replication and reduce or slow down the recurrence of hepatitis B. Global multicenter studies have shown that the rate of HBV-DNA conversion after 1 year of oral lamivudine reached 60%. Therefore, preoperative selection of HBV-DNA-negative recipients and postoperative supplementation with lamivudine for prophylaxis, post-hepatitis B cirrhosis should be a better indication for domestic liver transplantation. The earlier the liver transplantation surgery, the higher the success rate. For patients with hepatic encephalopathy in hepatic coma, surgery should be performed in stage I or II of hepatic coma, and the efficacy of surgery in stage III or IV is poor. Stage III or IV hepatic coma is one of the prognostic risk indicators for early death after liver transplantation. Patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension combined with hepatocellular carcinoma remain indications for liver transplantation, and the long-term outcome of liver transplantation is better than hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with cirrhosis.