Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease among middle-aged and elderly people, especially women, and is one of the important causes of fractures. As China enters an aging society, the incidence of osteoporosis increases year by year. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease, which is mainly characterized by low bone mineral content, destruction of bone structure, reduced bone strength, and susceptibility to fracture. Pain, hunchback, reduced height and fractures are characteristic manifestations of osteoporosis. Fractures are a direct consequence of osteoporosis, affecting the function of the body in mild cases and causing disability or even death in severe cases. However, there are many patients with osteoporosis who often have no obvious sensation in the early stage of the disease. A. Causes of osteoporosis Osteoporosis is influenced by congenital and acquired factors. Congenital factors refer to race, gender, age and family history; acquired factors include drugs, diseases, nutrition and lifestyle. Old age, female menopause, and male hypogonadism are all causes of osteoporosis. Second, the high-risk group of osteoporosis The following factors belong to the high-risk group of osteoporosis: old age; female menopause; low weight; low sex hormones; smoking; excessive alcohol or coffee; low physical activity; calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency in the diet (less light or intake); diseases affecting bone metabolism; application of drugs affecting bone metabolism. Third, the prevention of osteoporosis 1, balanced diet: increase the intake of calcium and moderate amount of protein in the diet, low salt diet. The intake of calcium has an irreplaceable role in the prevention of osteoporosis. Smoking, alcoholism, excessive intake of caffeine and high phosphorus drinks will increase the risk of osteoporosis. 2, moderate exercise: human bone tissue is a living tissue, people in the movement of muscle activity will keep stimulating the bone tissue, making the bones stronger. Exercise also helps to enhance the body’s responsiveness, improve balance function and reduce the risk of falls. This makes osteoporosis less likely to occur. 3. Increase sunlight exposure: The Chinese diet contains very limited vitamin D. A large amount of vitamin D3 depends on the synthesis of the skin after receiving ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Regular exposure to sunlight will play a key role in the production of vitamin D and calcium absorption. The average normal person receives at least 20 minutes of sunlight per day. Treatment of osteoporosis Early access to formal examination and standardized medication can minimize the risk of fracture, relieve bone pain and other symptoms, and improve quality of life. 1.Adjustment of lifestyle: balanced diet rich in calcium, low salt and moderate protein; pay attention to appropriate outdoor exercise; avoid smoking and alcohol abuse; careful use of drugs that affect bone metabolism; take various measures to prevent falls. 2.Supplement calcium and vitamin D. 3.Give anti-bone resorption drugs, drugs to promote bone formation and some drugs with multiple mechanisms.