Which drugs can affect male fertility

       Modern medicine is increasingly developed, and the application of drugs is very common. According to clinical observations, many drugs have adverse effects on sperm production and male sexual function, manifesting as reduced libido, impotence, ejaculation disorders, and infertility caused by affecting sperm metabolism and inhibiting sperm production. The extent of the effect of drugs on fertility depends on a variety of factors, such as the type and dose of the drug, the length of time the drug is used, and the sensitivity of the individual. The drugs that have a greater impact on fertility are: antineoplastic drugs that can damage the spermatogenic epithelium and cause irreversible oligospermia or azoospermia, such as cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard benzodiazepine (tumor corning), vincristine, etc. Cyclophosphamide can cause testicular atrophy during prepubescence and puberty, resulting in a significant reduction in sperm count or even azoospermia, the extent of which is related to the dose of the drug, the higher the dose, the less hope of restoring reproductive function. Azadirachtin benzoate has a toxic effect on the gonads, 80% of prepubescent or adolescent male patients with the drug will occur oligospermia, if the total amount of patients with the drug more than 25 mg / kg body weight, will occur irreversible oligospermia or azoospermia.  Anti-hypertensive drugs Can cause breast feminization, decreased libido, impotence, delayed ejaculation or the inability to ejaculate, such as Ativan, guanethidine, insulin, reserpine, alpha-methyldopa, etc.  Hormonal drugs such as gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens, etc. Long-term application of excessive androgens can inhibit male hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function, causing testicular atrophy and reduced sperm production, leading to infertility, a situation that has been confirmed in male athletes who have been taking anabolic hormones for a long time. Application of estrogen can cause a decrease or loss of libido, impotence, delayed ejaculation or inability to ejaculate in men, and even if ejaculation is possible, only a small amount of semen is produced.  Sedatives Causes changes in libido and sexual function due to specific effects on the limbic system of the brain, manifesting as decreased libido, impotence and ejaculation disorders. If used or abused for a long time, barbiturate sedative sleeping drugs can cause decreased libido, impotence or loss of orgasm in men. Chlorpromazine has the effect of increasing prolactin and inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropins, leading to a decrease in androgen secretion, which can cause impotence, ejaculation difficulties, testicular atrophy and gynecomastia. Librium and Valium can cause impotence when applied in high doses.  Narcotics Such as morphine, dulcolax and heroin can cause reduced sperm production, decreased libido, impotence, delayed ejaculation or inability to ejaculate.  Antibiotics Furacilin and its derivatives can inhibit the metabolism of testicular cells, causing a decrease in sperm and leading to infertility. Macrolides, such as erythromycin, spiramycin, and methicillin, cause sperm death due to arrested sperm development and reduced mitosis, and the surviving sperm have significantly reduced motility. Aminoglycosides block the meiosis of primary spermatocytes, so they have a negative effect on spermatogenesis.  Others Lyuzosulfapyridine, a drug used to treat ulcerative colitis, can also cause semen deficiency, causing sperm abnormalities in up to 80% of cases, along with reduced sperm count, reduced sperm motility and infertility. Meclizine is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcer and can cause a decrease in sperm count and infertility when used in large amounts and continuously.  The Chinese herb Radix Rehmanniae has a significant spermatogenic inhibitory effect.