Standardized semen collection is a prerequisite for good semen analysis, so it is important to inform the examinee in detail about the methods and precautions for semen collection and transport before semen collection. 1. Abstinence should be imposed for at least 48 hours but not more than 7 days before specimen collection. To minimize fluctuations in semen analysis results, the number of days of abstinence should be as constant as possible. Each semen analysis report should state: the patient’s name, the time of abstinence, the date and time of specimen collection, whether the specimen collection is complete and the time interval between specimen collection and analysis. 2. The initial examiner should do two semen analyses, and the interval between the two semen collections should be greater than 7 days, but not more than 3 weeks. If there is a significant difference between the two results, the specimen should be taken again for a third analysis. 3. The specimen should preferably be collected separately in a semen collection room near the laboratory. Otherwise, it should be sent to the laboratory within 1 hour after collection. 4. It is best to collect semen by masturbation, and the semen should be collected in a wide-mouthed glass or plastic container that has no toxic effect on spermatozoa. The temperature should be maintained at 20~40℃ to avoid reducing sperm viability. If you want to do microbiological examination, the patient should first urinate and wash his hands and penis, and use a sterile container to collect. 5. If masturbation is difficult, special condoms can be used for semen collection. Latex condoms used in daily life will affect the survival of sperm, so they cannot be used for semen collection. Sexual intercourse interruption should also not be used for semen collection because the initial portion of the ejaculate, which often has the highest sperm density, may be lost. Moreover, the specimen will be contaminated by bacteria and microorganisms; at the same time, acidic vaginal secretions will also have a negative impact on sperm vitality. 6, semen collection must be complete, incomplete semen should not be analyzed. 7, The temperature of the specimen should be kept above 20℃ but not exceeding 40℃ during transportation to the laboratory. 8. The container in which the semen is collected must be labeled with the name of the subject (and/or ID number) and the date and time of specimen collection. Major indicators such as sperm concentration, viability and morphology must be analyzed objectively in conjunction with the medical history. The World Health Organization defines male infertility as one year of infertility due to male factors in men and women who are not using contraception and who have a normal sex life. In our clinical work, if the woman is ≤34 years old, the limit is 1 year; if the woman is ≥35 years old, half a year can enter the infertility diagnosis and treatment process. This is because a woman’s fertility is only 50% of what it is at age 25 when she reaches 35 years, 25% when she reaches 38 years, and less than 5% when she is 40 years or older. There is absolutely no specific parameter of semen in the definition of male infertility, and it cannot be said that a low concentration or poor vitality is infertility. If there is no history of infertility, theoretically, pregnancy is possible only if there are active spermatozoa in the semen. One more point should be emphasized here: the semen must be taken intact. Because semen ejaculation, the beginning of the discharge is clear and sticky, mainly for the urethral bulbourethral gland secretion and a small amount of prostatic fluid, which is a sign of male sexual excitement, the number of spermatozoa is very small, play a lubrication of the urethra to facilitate the ejaculation of the role of the semen; semen in the middle part of the main for the prostatic fluid and epididymal caudal fluid is mainly the number of spermatozoa and the quality of the spermatozoa is the best, excluded after the solidification of the first after the dissolution of the semen; the last part of the semen for the vesiculocystic gland The last part of the semen is the secretion of the seminal vesicle glands, which contains mainly fructose and has a low sperm count and poor quality. If the semen collection is incomplete, it should be re-examined, otherwise the result is unreliable; if the laboratory does not mix the specimen sufficiently, it will also affect the results of semen examination. There is also a special case, i.e. cryptogenic spermatosis, which means that sometimes there are sperms in the semen and sometimes there are not, then it is necessary to review the semen several times, and in the case of abstinence for about 7 days, the sperm concentration is particularly low, and if the abstinence is short, sperms are often not found in the semen, so as to assess whether it is possible to do IVF, the risk of doing IVF, and whether testicular puncture should be done prior to IVF. If one or more sperms are found in grade a, b or c, with two such semen test results, or grade d sperms, with a sperm concentration greater than 5 million/mL, then the patient can go directly to IVF procedure, and on the day of IVF, if enough sperms are not found in the semen, then testicular sperm retrieval will be done directly, but there are risks as well: the risk of not finding enough sperms on the day of egg retrieval, and having to freeze the eggs; and if semen is worse than the aforementioned If the semen is worse than the above, or azoospermia patients, they need to undergo testicular puncture before entering IVF to assess whether they can undergo IVF and the risk of doing IVF 1, the main quantitative indicators of semen: the total number of spermatozoa, which responds to the spermatogenesis of the testes and the smoothness of the post-testicular ductal system; the volume of semen responds to the secretion capacity of the glands; the quality of semen can not be determined by one semen examination alone, and examination of the testes two to three times will help to The reference value of semen pH for fertile men has not been determined, and the original lower limit of 7.2 is maintained: if the pH of a semen sample with low volume and low sperm count is lower than 7.0, there may be obstruction of the reproductive tract or congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. It may also be a sign of spermatogonial dysplasia. 3, The presence of non-spermatozoa cells is often suggestive of testicular damage (immature spermatogenic cells), pathologic damage to the vas deferens (ciliated plexus), or inflammation of the accessory sex glands (leukocytes). 4. Perspectives on normal spermatozoa Evaluation is more difficult because of the wide variation in sperm morphology, but it is possible to define spermatozoa with fertilization potential (morphologically normal) from the morphology of spermatozoa obtained from the female genital tract, especially from mucus in the cervical canal after sexual intercourse, as well as spermatozoa collected from the surface of the zona pellucida. By rigorously applying this morphological criterion, we can establish a relationship between the rate of normal sperm morphology and various fertility indicators (time-to-pregnancy TTP and in-vitro and in-vivo pregnancy rates), which can be very useful in the prognosis of fertility.