First aid for burns
1. Quickly move away from the crash site and remove the clothing that is on fire. Or pour cold water on the clothes that are on fire, or roll on the spot.
2.Cover with a coat, quilt, blanket to make the fire extinguished, or roll directly or jump into a pond, pool, or ditch to put out the fire.
3.Caution.
①Can not run while calling for help, this will aggravate the burns.
② immediately after the liquid burns, cut off the wet clothes, such as a place where the flesh of the garment sticky edge is too tight, do not forcibly tear off, first cut off the unsticky part, temporarily leave the sticky part.
③ scissors do not touch the wound, blisters, do not apply purple salve, red salve and other ointments, so as not to affect the trauma observation.
4, the trauma shall be rinsed with water and then wrapped with clean cloth or dressing cause trauma to prevent infection. When strong acid and alkali and asphalt burns skin, apply water to fully rinse. Eye burns, after rinsing with saline, use cotton swabs to remove foreign bodies and drops of 0.25% chloramphenicol eye solution.
5, hand and foot burns when wrapped should be finger (toe) apart to prevent adhesion.
6, the second or third degree burns, promptly sent to the hospital for emergency treatment. Less bumps on the way, keep warm, oxygen, fluids.
First aid for head trauma
After a head trauma, it is not easy to see the bleeding point at once. Patients often cover their heads with their hands, but they cannot press the bleeding point, and blood still flows out. In fact, if you separate the hair at the place with the most blood and look carefully, you can find the bleeding point. Use your fingers to press the skin on the side of the bleeding point or press the skin around the wound to stop the bleeding. If the wound is large, use a clean handkerchief folded into small pieces, placed above the bleeding point, pressed with your fingers, you can stop the bleeding, and then go to the hospital for medical attention.
Cautions.
1, when the child’s head injury, often full of care, but a few hours after the occurrence of vomiting, should be alert, should immediately go to the hospital for emergency care. Especially infants, if vomiting continues, dehydration occurs, it is life-threatening.
2, when the head is traumatized, it is often found that there is a depression in the skull, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible, otherwise the skull depression will compress the brain, and then cause brain atrophy, which often becomes the cause of epilepsy later.
3, Severe traumatic brain injury can cause neuroticism, and it is hoped that those around should pay attention to the state of the negatively injured person so as not to overlook the dangerous situation.
4. Cold compresses are only effective when the scalp is bruised. Because the brain is surrounded by skull and protected by several layers of membrane-like tissues, when lesions are produced in the brain, and cold compresses only on the surface are of no use.
First aid for abdominal trauma
1.In case of respiratory and cardiac arrest, artificial resuscitation should be performed immediately.
2, if the injured intestine exposed outside the abdomen, do not send the intestine back to the abdominal cavity, should be rinsed clean with water, such as the mud on top, and then a clean bowl and basin buckle or clean cloth, hand towels cover, and wrapped with bandages, cloth tape to prevent infection. Quickly ask your husband to first aid or sent to a nearby hospital for rescue.
3.The injured person should lie on his knees, rest quietly and fast absolutely.
4.If there is bleeding, stop the bleeding immediately.
Chest trauma first aid
1, open chest injury should be immediately bandaged closed (do not fill the chest wound with dressings to prevent slipping in).
2, remove blood and mucus from the respiratory tract; if necessary, perform emergency tracheotomy when conditions permit.
3, multiple rib fractures have obvious chest wall paradoxical respiratory movements, with thick dressings or first aid kit pressed in the injury, plus adhesive bandages fixed.
4, chest injuries sent to the hospital for first aid should be taken 30 ° semi-sitting position, and the upper body of the casualty cushioned with clothes and quilts, with shock can be elevated at the same time the lower limbs, do not head low feet high position.
First aid for hand trauma
Such as being crushed by heavy objects and hit by hard objects. Most of the skin will not break, subcutaneous bruising or hematoma, at this time to use cold towel or cold water bag external compress for about half an hour, can prevent the hematoma increase, reduce pain. If there is a hematoma under the finger nail, a red-burning paper clip can be used to puncture a small hole vertically in the nail hematoma, the blood flowing from the hole, and then put on the wound protection tape, which can stop the pain and protect the nail from falling off.
If stabbed by a sharp object. When the hand is stabbed, the first thing you should do is to see if there is an entry, and if there is an entry, you should try to pick it out by pinching the wound with both hands and using a needle that has been sterilized by fire or alcohol to open the skin and pick out the entry. When the knife injury, will cause bleeding or even complete fracture of the hand, to be treated as a trauma emergency, bleeding more than the first force to compress the radial and ulnar arteries on both sides of the wrist to reduce bleeding, and then bandaged. The bandage should be applied with slight force to stop bleeding, i.e., pressure bandage.