There is no such thing as which one is more effective when it comes to gallstones, but it depends on the patient’s condition and which procedure is suitable. Each surgery has its indications, and if the relevant surgery is not chosen according to the needs of the condition, postoperative sequelae and complications may be more frequent and may also affect the patient’s recovery.1. Gallstone preservation and removal: this surgery can preserve the gallbladder and is less traumatic and has a faster recovery. However, it generally requires that the patient has good gallbladder function, no obvious inflammatory reaction, and that the stones are removed as cleanly as possible during the operation. If the patient has severe inflammation of the gallbladder, significant thickening of the gallbladder wall, incomplete gallbladder function, or residual stones, it may lead to postoperative pain in the right upper abdomen, persistent attacks of cholecystitis, and may even require reoperation for gallbladder removal due to recurrent inflammation. In addition, the probability of recurrence of gallstones after gallbladder preservation will be higher, so we should actively use medication, regulate diet and exercise to prevent stone recurrence; 2. Removal of gallbladder: Most patients can effectively eradicate the lesion after cholecystectomy, and the probability of sequelae and complications is low. However, a few patients may also have their gallbladder completely removed, resulting in a decrease in bile quality, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and poor digestive function, thus affecting their quality of life. Overall, cholecystectomy is recommended for most patients with gallstones. If biliary stone removal surgery is desired, a rigorous preoperative evaluation is required and the patient should be able to receive long-term medication after surgery and be aware of the risk of stone recurrence.