In recent years, with the increased awareness of medical checkups and the popularity of ultrasound examinations, thyroid disorders are increasing, and ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodules in particular is frequently seen. It is found that nodules in the thyroid gland can be found in more than 20% of normal people, and are usually unilateral or bilateral with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland and single or multiple nodules, which are the size of soybeans or fava beans, soft and tough, and move up and down with swallowing movements. There are more women than men, about 4:1. First determine whether it is a benign or malignant nodule. Despite the high incidence of thyroid nodules, the majority are benign and less than 5% are malignant. Do not be nervous when a thyroid nodule is found during a physical examination, as doctors usually need a comprehensive evaluation to determine whether surgery is needed. Generally speaking, benign nodules do not require surgery unless they are more than 5 cm in size and affect the aesthetics or swallowing, then they need to be surgically removed. In addition, nodules with abundant blood flow, poorly defined borders, or sandy calcifications may indicate a malignant nodule. However, a biopsy in the hospital is required to determine the final outcome. Next, a thyroid function test After finding a thyroid nodule, in addition to ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland itself, it is recommended to have a thyroid function test done by blood sampling. This test is done to diagnose whether the thyroid gland is functioning normally, but the nature of the nodule cannot be determined by the thyroid function test alone, as many thyroid cancer patients have normal thyroid function. This test is done to identify diseases such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or inflammation of the thyroid gland. Some thyroid nodules may be combined with calcification, and some patients get nervous when they see calcification, thinking that calcification means thyroid cancer. In fact, calcification is a sign of cancer, but not all calcifications are cancer. However, not all calcifications are cancerous. It is clinically found that the chance of malignancy is higher for sandy calcifications than for coarse calcifications. Therefore, if calcifications are found, the most important thing is to find an experienced doctor to observe carefully and make a comprehensive judgment through ultrasound again. If there are also factors such as abundant blood flow supply, unclear nodule boundaries, and uneven echogenicity, only then will the doctor suspect malignancy and it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis by puncture biopsy. For nodules smaller than 1 cm, which are only detected by ultrasound examination and not palpated by physical examination, attention should be paid to follow-up dynamic observation, and ultrasound should be reviewed once every 3 months to 6 months. If the nodules are significantly enlarged, surgical treatment is required. In addition, the indications for surgery of thyroid nodules should follow the following points 1. for rapid growth, high suspicion of malignancy, and confirmation of malignancy by puncture; 2. for large nodules, poor results of non-surgical treatment, and symptoms of pressure; 3. for nodules younger than 20 years old in non-thyroidal swelling endemic areas; 4. for nodules with combined hyperthyroidism.