In terms of physical development and appearance, there is little difference between children with autism and normal children, but there are more obvious characteristics in terms of cognition, emotions and behavioral styles. I. Cognitive characteristics The cognitive impairment of children with autism is very obvious in terms of different cognitive processes such as attention, thinking, and language. 1. Eye contact: Those infants with autism can be seen from the first month of life to be unable to make eye contact with their parents or caregivers. There is also no interest in the shape of people’s faces, and some observations suggest that infants with autism at three months of age are not yet able to distinguish between faces. 2. Joint attention: Joint attention is a social ability to use the senses to share joy with others, and for normal children, infants around 8-12 months of age will show joint attention as a social ability. However, most children with autism show a delay in orienting firing, a lack of pointing and focusing on certain objects, poor organization and maintenance of attention, and an inability to produce joint attention. In addition, children with autism tend to be ambivalent in their attentional performance, sometimes showing indifference to external stimuli and other times showing apparent over-selection, i.e., when faced with multiple stimuli, they can only focus on one of them and can respond to only that one stimulus. In comparison, children with autism tend to pay more attention to objects than to people. 3. Intelligence: In general, children with autism are often accompanied by low or mild intellectual disability, but some may show extraordinary abilities in spatial perception, mechanical memory, counting, art and manipulation, etc. This single outstanding cognitive ability is often confusing. 4. Language: Children with autism clearly show backwardness and incompetence in language, especially verbal communication. in his early studies, Rutter noted that about half of children with autism do not have pragmatic language. With early training, they will typically begin to speak by age 6. If they do not begin to speak by age 10, he is likely to have spoken language or even remain silent for life. Children with autism often show differences from normal children in terms of sound quality, volume, and intonation. II. Research on social cognition in autistic children in China Psychologists in China have conducted exploratory research on the social cognition of autistic children based on psychological theories. Some researchers (Premack & Woodruff, 1978) conducted a series of studies on the cognitive abilities of gorillas, and on the basis of these studies, they first proposed a psychological theory. This theory posits that individuals have the ability to attribute themselves and their individual behaviors to certain mental states, and the resulting theoretical system of inferences about the causes of behavior. Psychological theory emphasizes the distinction between human subjects and objects, and considers understanding others as a capacity in itself. In other words, it is possible to develop one’s own beliefs, desires, and interests when the individual is aware that he or she is different from others.