Male infertility is a common problem for married men, and it is estimated that the incidence of infertility in China is around 10%, of which, about 50% of the infertility couples are caused by men. However, in the process of male infertility diagnosis and treatment, unreasonable or unprofessional treatment programs often do not receive significant treatment results, not only patients cause economic waste, but also make patients lose confidence in treatment. The reason for these situations is that the current level of understanding of male infertility varies, which makes the diagnosis and treatment of this disease a big misunderstanding. In fact, the treatment plan for male infertility is chapter and verse. A. Diagnosis of male infertility: In the diagnosis of male infertility, it should include: history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations, never blindly based on a semen report and treatment. The diagnosis and examination of male infertility should include several aspects: 1. Semen analysis: A detailed and comprehensive semen analysis report can provide the doctor with information on the cause of the disease, so that a targeted treatment plan can be developed. 2, ultrasound: including testicular, epididymal, spermatic vein ultrasound, severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia do transrectal vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostate, seminal vesicle ultrasound, has been clear and exclude the original disease. 3.Sexual hormone full set examination: mainly for patients with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. It includes FSH, LH, PRL, T, E2, P. 4.Y chromosome microdeletion examination: optional for severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia with poor treatment effect. 5, testicular biopsy: mainly for patients with azoospermia. The testicular function, as well as obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia, can be clarified to guide treatment. The treatment of male infertility should start with the cause and try to individualize the treatment. There are three main ways of treatment. 1.Medication: The goal is to improve the quality of semen and increase the chance of natural pregnancy. Medication can also be used to achieve the goal of improving the success of assisted reproduction techniques. In the choice of treatment drugs, personalization is more prominent, including specific treatment, non-specific treatment, hormone treatment, non-hormone treatment, Chinese and Western medicine treatment, etc. This should be done under the guidance of a professional doctor, and drug treatment is about 2 months per cycle, usually not more than 6 months. 2.Surgical treatment: The indications for surgical treatment mainly include: 1. Obstructive azoospermia: vasectomy and vas deferens-epidididymal anastomosis are commonly used for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia. At present, with the development of microsurgery technology in the field of male medicine, obstructive azoospermia can be treated with microsurgery to obtain higher recanalization rate and pregnancy rate. 2. Varicocele: Varicocele, one of the common causes of male infertility or decreased semen quality. Fertility can be restored to many patients through internal spermatic vein surgery. Of course the improvement of this surgical method is being paid more and more attention, and the application of laparoscopy as well as microscopic spermatic vein ligation has greatly reduced the trauma of the operation while improving the results, thus making the traditional high ligation basically replaced. 3. Genital malformation or abnormal development: cryptorchidism, urethral stricture, hypospadias, etc. can be corrected by surgery. 4. Organic sexual dysfunction: ED and retrograde ejaculation caused by organic lesions can also be solved by corresponding surgical treatment. Successful surgical treatment, compared to assisted reproduction treatment, can save patients a large amount of money, while also minimizing the risks associated with assisted reproduction treatment. 3.Assisted reproductive treatment: Assisted reproductive technology is an important means of infertility treatment, but it is by no means the first choice of treatment and can only be used as an alternative when conventional treatment methods are ineffective. The choice of assisted reproductive technology should also follow the principle of safety, considering first the less damaging technologies IUI and IVF, and only secondly the risky and costly technologies such as ICSI.