The tumors of pediatric mediastinum occur mostly in the anterior mediastinum and may be closely adherent to the pericardium and large blood vessels, with slow growth and no conscious symptoms. Lymphangioleioma and hemangioma Lymphangioleioma and hemangioma can be seen in the mediastinum of children, mostly from tumors in the neck that continue into the anterior superior mediastinum. 5.Bronchial cysts and gastrointestinal cysts During embryonic development, if some cells in the foregut are ectopic, they form cysts, which may break into the trachea and bronchus. Neurogenic tumors are mostly located in the posterior mediastinum. The common ones are neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, while both neuroblastoma and neurofibroma can form a dumbbell shape and extend into the spinal canal from the intervertebral foramen. Symptoms of pediatric mediastinal tumor: When the mediastinal tumor or cyst grows to a certain size, symptoms of compression may occur, or symptoms may occur due to complications of infection and rupture into the trachea and bronchus. The most common symptom is cough, hemoptysis is not common. Tumor in the upper mediastinum may compress the superior vena cava, causing jugular vein anger and edema of face, neck and upper chest. Sometimes a mass can be found extending from the mediastinum to the neck or chest wall. For the diagnosis of mediastinal tumor, in addition to the mediastinal mass, it is necessary to identify benign or malignant in order to formulate the treatment plan. Generally speaking, benign tumor grows slowly, except for adhesions with nearby structures, most of the tumors have clear, smooth and complete margins, especially cystic ones, which are mostly round or ovoid, while malignant tumors have obvious lobulated outline. When the tumor breaks through the envelope, its outline is often blurred or uneven, both mediastinum increases at the same time, and those with bone destruction are malignant tumors. Regular X-ray examination may be malignant if the tumor grows gradually, but benign tumors may also increase in size due to infection, bleeding or malignant transformation. Even benign tumors may be complicated by infection, bleeding and malignant transformation, and may compress the respiratory tract, heart and superior vena cava, resulting in serious symptoms, and if it grows around large blood vessels, it may increase the difficulty of operation. For malignant lymphoma of the mediastinum, radiotherapy or chemotherapy should be continued according to the situation. Prognosis of pediatric mediastinal tumors The surgical resection of benign mediastinal tumors and cysts is effective, but some benign tumors are closely adherent to large blood vessels and pericardium, so surgical debridement must be done carefully. Example 1, pediatric posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma Example 2, pediatric teratoma Example 3, pediatric mediastinal cyst