As the saying goes, disease enters through the mouth, and it is clear that diet and disease are very closely related. It has been reported that dietary modification can effectively reduce the recurrence rate of urinary stones. However, changing the diet at will may seem beneficial, but it is actually harmful. Because the formation of urinary stones is complex, and the composition of stones varies, dietary treatment must be based on objectively proven metabolic disorders, and a targeted approach is necessary. The factors that influence the formation of urinary stones and the points to note in the diet are listed below. 1. Calcium: 90% of urinary stones contain calcium. It is generally believed that increased calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stone formation. However, it has been confirmed that the commonly recommended practice of limiting calcium content in the diet will not reduce but rather increase the occurrence of kidney stones. A low-calcium diet can only reduce urinary calcium in people with diet-dependent high urinary calcium, and must be accompanied by a low-oxalate diet to avoid secondary hyperoxaluria. Therefore, dietary calcium restriction is not indicated for all individuals with high urinary calcium. For calcified oxalate stones, experts recommend maintaining a normal calcium intake of 1000 mg per day for adults and 1200 mg per day for those over 50 years of age. The role of calcium supplementation for postmenopausal women is controversial. It is generally believed that calcium supplementation in postmenopausal women does not increase the risk of stone formation, and even if there is a risk, it will only occur during the first few months of calcium supplementation, so it is prudent to increase water intake during this period. 2. Oxalate: Since most urinary stones contain oxalate, reducing urinary oxalate will certainly reduce the occurrence of stone disease. Avoid strong tea in life, do not eat large amounts of chocolate, spinach, beets, oranges, rhubarb, nuts, strawberries, wheat bran, mushrooms, potatoes, peppers, corn, coffee, cocoa, persimmons and prunes and other foods that may cause high oxalic acid urine. 3, water: it is known that chronic dehydration or insufficient water intake and urinary stone formation are closely related. It is recognized that a reasonable amount of water should be no less than 2 liters per day. As for the type of liquid to drink, it is agreed that a non-dairy less oxalic acid liquid is appropriate. Drinking water does not need to be hard or soft, but the amount is the key, and must be balanced day and night. Special attention to night drinking water is very important, because at night people are in a state of rest, is also the most concentrated urine, easy to form crystals in the urine. 4, protein: the world and China’s urolithiasis development process are confirmed, the occurrence of urinary stones and life affluence, that is, and high protein diet. Although the vegetable diet contains high oxalate, but the risk of stone occurrence is relatively low. Therefore moderation of protein in food, especially animal protein, is beneficial for all patients with stones. Usually avoid eating and drinking a lot, should eat more coarse grains and vegetarian food as appropriate. 5, sodium: high sodium diet can increase urinary calcium excretion, increase the tendency of calcium salt crystallization in the urine, is one of the prone factors of stones. The recommended amount of salt in the diet to not more than 10 grams per day is appropriate. 6, citrate: citrate is a natural inhibitor of urinary stone formation, it can reduce the concentration of urinary calcium and urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturation. Daily supplementation of potassium citrate can significantly increase urinary citrate and urinary pH, reducing the recurrence rate of urinary stones. However, the benefits can be offset by high citrate intake of fruits and vegetables, which can lead to hyperoxaluria. Fruits rich in citric acid are: citrus, grapefruit, bilberry, pineapple, sour fruit, etc. 7, fat: in Denmark Greenland Eskimos have a low incidence of coronary artery disease and kidney stones, which is related to their high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fish oil can reduce urinary calcium excretion in people with idiopathic hypercalcemia. The intake of high-fat foods in the diet should be reduced. More intake of food containing unsaturated fatty acids. 8, alcohol: alcoholic beverages often contain calcium, oxalic acid and guanine nucleosides. Acute alcoholism patients often appear high urinary calcium, high urinary magnesium and cortisol increase and accelerate bone decalcification. High urinary calcium and high urinary phosphorus are more pronounced in chronic drinkers and predispose them to stone formation. On the other hand, diuresis caused by alcohol consumption can dilute the urine and reduce the incidence of stones. In conclusion, moderate alcohol consumption does not increase the risk of stone formation. The role of dietary magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin B6 and vitamin D in the formation of urinary stones is not yet conclusive and therefore will not be discussed. In addition, it is necessary to avoid or reduce the use of drugs related to stones, such as vitamin C, hormones, aspirin, sulfonamide, etc.