An important purpose of marriage is to produce offspring, and it is a very happy thing to carry a baby, but some reasons make it difficult for some couples to fulfill their dream of having children, and half of them are due to female infertility. And 10 factors may cause female infertility, all of you future parents-to-be take a look and find out why.
1. Vaginal factors
Congenital factors such as vaginal atresia or vaginal septum cause sexual intercourse disorders or difficulties, which can affect the entry of sperm into the female reproductive tract. In addition, vaginal inflammation caused by infection changes the biochemical environment of the vagina and reduces sperm motility and viability, thus affecting the chance of conception.
2.Cervical factors
Cervical stenosis, polyps, tumors and adhesions can affect the passage of sperm; cervical erosion, its inflammatory exudate has a spermicidal effect; the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus is not conducive to sperm penetration of the cervical canal or completely makes sperm inactive, which is noteworthy is the cervical adhesions caused by unmarried first pregnancy after abortion, especially when repeated abortions are more likely to cause this serious combination, which rejects sperm in the The cervical canal is congenitally abnormal.
Congenital anomalies of the cervical canal are often accompanied by abnormal menstruation or dysmenorrhea, and girls go to the hospital for examination after their first period. In contrast, cervicitis due to gonococci and others is contracted through sexual intercourse and often leads to atresia or narrowing of the cervical canal.
Atresia of the endocervix is one of the common causes of infertility due to habitual late miscarriage. When the weight of the fetal sac increases beyond the capacity of the cervical canal, the cervical canal dilates, the fetal sac bulges out and breaks the water, and the fetus and placenta are expelled one after another, which often occurs after the third month of pregnancy.
3.Uterus factor
Congenital absence of uterus, infantile uterus and solid uterus without cavity, etc. are stunted or deformed, which can affect the fertility of women. Posterior or severe retroflexion of the uterus, endometrial inflammation, and uterine adhesions are all causes of infertility.
About 75% of patients with endometriosis have a history of infertility because it can cause posterior uterine adhesions and poor mobility, as well as adhesions in the fallopian tubes, leading to decreased peristaltic capacity; ectopic endometrium can act as an autoantigen, causing hyperimmunity in women, such as the production of anti-endometrial antibodies; ectopic endometrium can also produce more prostaglandins, which can lead to uterine and fallopian tube muscle The ectopic endometrium can also produce more prostaglandins, which can lead to strong contractions of the muscles of the uterus and fallopian tubes, interfering with the movement of sperm and eggs and the implantation of pregnant eggs, thus causing infertility.
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor in women, and the infertility rate in patients with fibroids can be 30-40%, much higher than that of the general population. Among them, submucosal fibroids can affect sperm passage and embryo implantation, while intermural fibroids not only affect conception but also often cause miscarriage or preterm delivery. Even if conception is possible, in late pregnancy, abnormal contraction of the uterus can cause preterm labor, obstruct delivery or cause postpartum hemorrhage.
4.Fallopian tube factor
Long or narrow fallopian tubes, tubal inflammation causing lumen occlusion, fluid accumulation or adhesions can prevent the movement of sperm, eggs or fertilized eggs. Tubal disease can account for up to 25% of female infertility and is an important cause of infertility. Inflammatory diseases include tuberculosis, endometriosis, trichomonas, gonorrhea and other pathogenic infections. Blocked fallopian tubes can be recanalized through fluids, microsurgery, and IVF (in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer) techniques can be used to help patients gain a chance of pregnancy.
5. Ovarian factors
Factors that affect follicular development or egg discharge, such as incomplete follicular development in the ovary, inability to ovulate and form the corpus luteum, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian tumors, can all cause infertility. For example, the follicle can mature but cannot rupture, so the egg cannot be expelled, its basal body temperature is normal biphasic, and the changes in blood hormone levels are completely normal, a condition called follicular non-rupture syndrome.
Luteal insufficiency is a manifestation of insufficient progesterone secretion, which is mostly related to high prolactin levels, when the development of the secretory phase of the endometrium is affected and thus is not conducive to fertilization of the egg, and even if it does, it will be aborted due to insufficient progesterone secretion.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by anovulation. It is not an individual disease, but a general term for a series of clinical symptoms and signs, mostly manifesting as menstrual disorders (scanty menstruation or amenorrhea); infertility; bilateral ovarian enlargement, thickening of the envelope and polycystic changes; hirsutism, obesity and increased libido. Infertility is caused by endocrine and menstrual disorders.
6.Endocrine factors
When the hypothalamus is not fully developed or the maturation of the hypothalamic cycle center is delayed, the regulation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is not perfect, so it manifests as anovulatory menstruation, amenorrhea or luteal dysfunction, which are all possible causes of infertility. In addition, hyper- or hypothyroidism and hyper- or hypoadrenocorticism can also affect ovarian function and prevent ovulation.
7. Congenital factors
Severe congenital hypoplasia of the reproductive system, which is often associated with primary amenorrhea. Sex chromosome abnormalities, such as Turner’s syndrome, true and false hermaphroditism. Habitual abortion caused by chromosomal abnormalities, etc.
8.Systemic factors
Nutritional disorders, metabolic diseases, chronic wasting diseases, simple obesity, etc. Taking raw cotton seed oil, toxic chemicals, radiation exposure, microwave and other physical factors.
9.Psychoneurological factors
Plant nervous system dysfunction, psychosis, environmental amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, pseudopregnancy, etc.
10.Other
Immunological infertility, blood group incompatibility (such as habitual abortion or stillbirth caused by Rh factor or ABO hemolysis).