Is there any relationship between the occurrence of penile cancer and male circumcision? Penile cancer is a relatively uncommon malignant tumor in China. Before the 1950s, penile cancer used to be a common malignant tumor in China’s male genitourinary system. After the founding of the People’s Republic, with the improvement of people’s living standard and health conditions, the incidence of penile cancer has rapidly decreased. The etiology of penile cancer is still unclear. Penile cancer mostly occurs in patients with prepuce or circumcision. Circumcision of newborns can effectively prevent the occurrence of this disease. Also, the number of sexual partners, external genital warts, etc. are also the causes of its occurrence. The site of occurrence is commonly the head of the penis, the coronal sulcus and the inner plate of the foreskin. Therefore, this disease should be considered when the area is chronically eroded or when the conventional anti-inflammatory treatment of new organisms is not effective. Clinical confirmation of penile cancer requires histological biopsy of the lesion area. Why lymph node dissection in inguinal region should be performed for penile cancer patients Penile cancer treatment requires partial penile excision or total penile excision and regional lymph node dissection according to its pathological stage. The five-year survival rate is 95% to 100% if there is no regional lymph node metastasis before surgery, 80% if there is a single inguinal lymph node metastasis, and 50% if there are multiple inguinal lymph node metastasis. However, about 50% of penile cancer patients have enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal region at the time of consultation, and only half of the patients in this category have exact lymph node metastasis, while the rest are mostly related to ulceration and inflammation caused by the primary focus. Therefore, patients with enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal region after 4-6 weeks of antibiotic therapy following resection of the primary focus require bilateral inguinal region lymph node dissection. In contrast, patients with 4-6 weeks of antibiotic treatment and no enlarged lymph nodes are required to undergo prophylactic bilateral inguinal zone lymph node dissection if their postoperative pathological stage is low-differentiated squamous carcinoma or T2 stage or higher.