Surgery is the main treatment method for early-stage cervical cancer, but what to do next after surgery, and under what circumstances supplemental radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy is needed, are still the subject of divergent opinions among many physicians, and this phenomenon is even more confusing in primary hospitals, and even in some tertiary hospitals, causing confusion to patients and families. The NCCN guidelines for the treatment of cervical cancer, which is the standard for the clinical management of cervical cancer commonly used worldwide today, contain detailed descriptions of the principles of postoperative complementary therapy for cervical cancer. According to the 2013 latest edition of the NCCN Cervical Clinical Practice Guidelines, the need for supplemental therapy after cervical cancer surgery, or the need for supplemental radiotherapy or chemotherapy, depends primarily on the surgical detection of high-risk factors and the stage of the disease. The specific principles are: 1. For patients with stage IA2, IB1 or IIA1, if the lymph nodes are found to be negative intraoperatively and there are no other high-risk factors, they can be closely observed. However, if high-risk factors (cervical tumor diameter >4 cm, interstitial infiltration more than 1/3 and/or vascular infiltration) are found, pelvic radiotherapy (class 1 evidence) with (or without) cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy (chemotherapy as class 2B evidence) is performed. 2. For patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes, positive cut margins, or positive parametrial tissue, postoperative pelvic radiotherapy plus cisplatin-containing concurrent chemotherapy (category 1 evidence) with (or without) vaginal brachytherapy should be given. Evidence suggests that patients with stage IA2, IB, or IIA with positive surgical findings of lymph nodes, positive cut margins, or microscopic invasion of parametrial tissue may benefit significantly from postoperative adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy plus 5-FU in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. 3. If positive intraoperative abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes are found, further chest CT or PET scans must be performed to clarify the presence or absence of other metastases. In patients with distant metastases, a biopsy at the suspected site should be considered whenever indicated to clarify the diagnosis. If all tests are negative, the patient should receive radiotherapy to the para-aortic lymph nodes plus cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy with (or without) brachytherapy. In contrast, those whose test results reveal distant metastases should receive systemic chemotherapy and individualized radiotherapy.