What are other liver cancer markers besides fetoprotein?

  About 70% of patients with primary liver cancer are positive for alpha-fetoprotein. For the other 30% of patients with liver cancer, other liver cancer markers can be used to diagnose liver cancer.  Other liver cancer markers include: 1. G-glutamyl transpeptidase isoenzyme II G-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme system that exists in the liver and is closely related to the metabolism of amino acids. In primary liver cancer, isoenzyme I’, isoenzyme II and isoenzyme II’ are significantly elevated. These isoenzymes are unique to liver cancer and are not elevated in various other liver diseases.  2. Abnormal prothrombin prothrombin is a substance synthesized by the liver and related to blood clotting. Liver cancer cells can produce an abnormal prothrombin (abbreviated as DCP), which is not carboxylated by glutamate residues like normal prothrombin structurally, and cannot be activated by normal coagulation system functionally. Therefore, it can be measured in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, although it can also be measured in the serum of patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis, but it is much lower compared to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, if a certain amount of abnormal prothrombin is detected in the blood, it can help to make a diagnosis of liver cancer.  Other markers of hepatocellular carcinoma include ? -lglucosidase, acidic ferritin, etc. are helpful for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but these markers of hepatocellular carcinoma are not as valuable as methemoglobin, G-glutamyl transpeptidase isoenzyme II and abnormal prothrombin in clinical application because of their low specificity and sensitivity.