Spinal disorders such as osteoporotic spinal compression fractures, spinal metastases, and multiple myeloma often present with severe low back pain and even difficulty standing upright, requiring long-term bed rest and affecting quality of life. Conservative treatment is slow and ineffective. These disorders are most common in the elderly, who often have a combination of functional or organic diseases that make it difficult to tolerate traditional major spine surgery. As the population ages, these conditions are becoming more prevalent, and the challenge of improving care is a major challenge for physicians today. Percutaneous vertebroplasty/vertebroplasty is the percutaneous injection of a coagulating biomaterial (e.g., bone cement) into the vertebral body under X-ray fluoroscopy to achieve rapid pain relief and increase the height and strength of the vertebral body. It can be done under general or local anesthesia. After completion, only a small puncture hole is left, which is minimally invasive and causes little pain to the patient during and after the procedure. The requirements for the patient’s general constitution are also small, and many elderly patients can complete the treatment successfully. The technique was first adopted by French doctors in 1988, recognized in the United States in the mid-1990s, and introduced to China after 2000. Globally, about thousands of patients are benefiting from it every year. Of course, as a procedure, it is not a panacea in itself. This procedure is prudent or unfeasible for patients with coagulation disorders, patients with extensive destruction or severe collapse of the spine (less than 1/3 of the original height), and patients with neurological compression symptoms in combination with spinal stenosis. Its most suitable diseases include: 1) osteoporotic spinal compression fractures; 2) osteolytic vertebral metastases; 3) multiple myeloma; and 4) spinal hemangioma. Currently, the most treated patients are elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal compression fractures, while tumor disorders are treated only to reduce pain and improve limited quality of life. Combining convenience, minimal invasiveness, and immediate pain relief, percutaneous vertebroplasty/vertebroplasty is a new option for elderly spine patients in any case.