A. The principles of liver cancer prevention are to manage water and food and prevent cirrhosis.
1.Manage water: water treatment is the measure with quicker effect. Rural areas should fill in ponds, advocate the use of household purifiers or activated carbon filtration for drinking, use deep well water as a source of drinking water, disinfection of drinking water, to prevent drinking water pollution. Using this measure, the incidence of liver cancer in Jiangsu and Guangdong, which are high incidence areas in China, has been reduced.
2, the management of food: warm areas of corn, peanuts prone to mold, especially should pay attention to prevent mold to poison. Control and monitoring of mold-prone food and oil, to prevent food mold, improve crop cultivation and storage conditions, screening of high-quality corn and peanut varieties with less susceptible to mold contamination. Harvest fast, fast dry, fast hide, grain moisture control at 10% or less, pick out the peanuts and corn that have been moldy.
3, prevention of hepatitis: some scholars believe that the high incidence of hepatitis B vaccination of infants in the region can reduce 80% of liver cancer patients. Therefore, viral hepatitis should be actively prevented and treated. For early childhood education personnel, medical and laboratory personnel who are in contact with blood should be vaccinated against hepatitis B under the guidance of vaccination personnel, especially infants and children should be mass vaccinated. Strict monitoring of blood donors, good isolation of hepatitis patients, and strengthening their own protection to prevent the disease from entering through the mouth. Patients with hepatitis should be treated actively, pay attention to nutrition and rest, and strive for early recovery.
4, pay attention to drinking water, diet hygiene: avoid eating moldy peanuts and corn, rice, etc.; avoid drinking pond water; dietary nutrition should be comprehensive, increase the intake of vinegar in the diet, food should be fresh, less pickled and baked products. Vegetables and fruits should be rinsed thoroughly before consumption.
5.Men between 40 and 50 years of age, with long-term addiction to smoking and alcohol, and those at high risk of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis should regularly check the size of their liver, pay attention to self-examination, and be alert to danger signals.
6.Advocate less alcohol consumption and quit smoking.
7.Avoid the use of organochlorine pesticides for crops as far as possible.
8, professional treatment with white clay method can reduce the content of aflatoxin in peanut oil
9.Residents in areas with a high incidence of liver cancer should have regular liver function tests and actively cooperate with the census and screening work.
10.Keep your spirit happy, relaxed and open-minded, and be good at dispelling bad emotions, avoiding depression to liver qi stagnation. Those who are irritable and easily angered should pay special attention.
11, pay attention to the scientific feeding of edible poultry. Do not supply moldy grain. Because, if the grain suffers from aflatoxin contamination, the current sterilization measures such as high temperature and high pressure can only kill the mold, but not reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin, therefore, the consumption of moldy grain poultry is easy to bring the strong chemical carcinogen aflatoxin of liver cancer to the human body, endangering humans.
II. Nutritional guidance for liver cancer patients
The nutritional principles for liver cancer patients are high protein, high carbohydrate, high vitamin, low fat and easy to digest food. For example, eggs, soybean products, fish, lean meat and fresh fruits and vegetables. The best cooking method is steaming, avoiding fried, spicy and sour foods, and minimizing foods containing preservatives, processed condiments, artificial coloring, salt curing, smoking and fermentation, and not eating moldy foods.
1, protein high protein diet can improve liver hypofunction (except for patients with hepatic encephalopathy), ascites-induced hypoproteinemia. About 200g per day, you can choose milk, 2 cups per day, 1 cup of soy milk, 4 eggs, lean meat, chicken, duck, fish sheep, pork, beef 100g each.
2, carbohydrates are mainly grain cereal products, 300 ~ 400g daily, can improve liver glycogen reserves.
3, fat because the patient’s bile secretion and discharge is affected, bringing difficulties to the absorption of fat, therefore, the fat supply should not be too much, about 40g per day, in order not to cause nausea, vomiting is appropriate. With poor liver function, jaundice, diarrhea, should not eat fat-rich foods such as fatty pork.
4, vitamin supply rich in vitamin C, vitamin B2 vitamin B12, etc., more fruits and vegetables.
5.Limit sodium intake for patients with ascites and sodium-water retention should limit sodium intake to less than 1g per day.
Avoid drinking white wine; avoid eating spicy and stimulating food; avoid eating fish with bone spurs and vegetables with high fiber such as celery and leek; avoid eating coarse fiber, hard and fried food, and all food should be soft to avoid bleeding caused by puncturing esophageal vein; avoid eating greasy food such as fatty meat and other indigestible and gas-producing food to avoid aggravating indigestion and abdominal distension; avoid overeating.
Rehabilitation guidance for liver cancer patients
After comprehensive treatment of liver cancer patients, qigong therapy is feasible as a health care measure, but it should be moderate, under the guidance of qigong master as much as possible, and it should not be practiced too early and the amount of activity should not be too large. Those with ascites and liver cancer nodules in danger of rupture should not practice gong.
2.Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma should be re-examined once in 3 months after surgery, and general patients should be re-examined once in 1 month.
3.Patients with diarrhea should pay attention to drink more water, avoid eating too cold and too hot, gas-producing and some dairy products, keep perianal skin clean and hygienic, prevent infection, and apply antibacterial ointment locally for protection when necessary.
4.Keep your spirit optimistic, build up your confidence, recuperate at ease, do not get excited, angry or sad, have a regular life, pay attention to rest, read some newspapers, magazines and TV to distract yourself.
5.Follow the doctor’s instructions and take the medicine on time.
6, appear nausea, dizziness, sweating, unresponsiveness, cramps, noise and other mental symptoms, such as normal blood pressure, should be considered as hypoglycemia, to immediately give sugar water sugar cubes to relieve the symptoms of hypoglycemia
7.If there is abdominal pain or a large amount of vomiting blood, black feces, nosebleeds, etc., it should be sent to a specialist hospital immediately for treatment.
8.If the patient has elevated GPT, bedside isolation should be paid attention to, and urine, stool and tableware should be disinfected.
Self-examination guidance of liver cancer
Liver cancer should be mainly prevented and self-examination should be paid attention to for early detection and early treatment.
1.If there is unexplained upper abdominal distention and pain and wasting, AFP measurement should be done.
2.People with more than 5 years of hepatitis history, cirrhosis, positive hepatitis B or C viral markers, and high-risk people aged 35 years or above should have liver disease screening twice a year, and the detection rate of liver cancer is 34.7 times higher than that of the natural population.
3.People with long-term alcoholism should pay special attention to the function of the liver.
4.People with family history of liver cancer and cirrhosis should pay attention to self-examination at all times; persistently high AFP and normal transaminases are often the main manifestations of subclinical liver cancer.
5.AFP measurement for high-risk group, combined with ultrasound imaging, once or twice a year is the basic measure to detect early liver cancer.
6.Pay attention to the presence of liver disease and cirrhosis symptoms such as liver palm and spider nevus. The cinnabar-like red spots on both sides of the palm are called liver palm; the sudden appearance of multiple tiny blood vessels surrounded by red nevus on the skin of face, neck and upper chest, and the fading of the center under pressure is called spider nevus. Patients with acute and chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis can have the above symptoms, except for pregnant women.
7. Patients with chronic hepatitis should be alerted to the sudden appearance of upper abdominal discomfort, progressive dyspepsia, vague pain or distension in the liver area.
8. Pay attention to the presence of jaundice, ascites and liver size.
V. Abnormal manifestations of liver cancer
1.Unexplained pain in liver area, progressive liver enlargement or jaundice.
2.Progressive wasting, abdominal distension, lack of appetite, weakness, malignancy.
3.30%~50% of patients have fever, mostly low fever, and the fever pattern is mostly irregular.
VI. Significance of conducting liver cancer census
Since the incidence rate of hepatocellular liver cancer in China is high, tumor development is fast and early treatment effect is relatively good, therefore, early diagnosis and diagnosis is important. However, because the liver is protected by the right rib, even with tumor, it is hard to reach; and because of the strong compensatory function of the liver, 15% of the normal liver can exercise the function of the liver, so early stage liver cancer will not have any symptoms; plus the tumor grows fast, most patients are already in the late stage once they appear discomfort and seek medical treatment. Nevertheless, high-risk patients can still be diagnosed at an early stage through screening, outpatient follow-up, regular liver ultrasound and blood sampling for methemoglobin test. If there is abdominal pain, weight loss, reduced appetite, yellowish color of eyes and skin, etc., patients should seek medical treatment at oncology hospitals as soon as possible.