The prevalence of cholelithiasis in China has risen to more than 10%, which means that there are more than 130 million people with cholelithiasis in China. This is a very alarming number. Patients with gallstone disease can have no obvious symptoms or only mild digestive symptoms, such as bloating after eating, indigestion, diarrhea, etc. These symptoms often worsen after eating. However gallstones do not just stay honestly with the patient. They can cause acute cholecystitis, which, if the inflammation continues to progress, can lead to gallbladder perforation and cause diffuse peritonitis, which can be a serious threat to a person’s life. Gallstones can also sometimes make waves in the common bile duct and common hepatic duct, causing abdominal pain, jaundice and chills with high fever, even infectious shock, and sometimes acute pancreatitis. Recent studies have also found that gallstone disease is also closely related to malignant tumors of the biliary tract. Therefore, gallstone disease is a serious threat to the health of modern people. However, there is no need to talk about gallstone disease, we just need to know how it is formed, understand its causative factors, and take appropriate measures to keep gallstones out of the body. The four “F’s” four threats are currently recognized as risk factors for gallstone disease: women, age, diet and obesity. Because their first letter is “F”, they are also known as the four “F” factors: 1, female “Female” a group of national survey data show that China Gallstone patients with a male to female ratio of 1:2.57, it can be seen that gallstone disease prefers women. This is related to the higher level of estrogen in women, the body’s lipid metabolism is conducive to the deposition of fat. Moreover, when a woman is pregnant, the cholesterol content in her bile rises, and the poor motor function of the bile duct at this time makes the cholesterol in the bile precipitate easily, which is also the reason for the easy formation of gallstones. There is also information showing that the prevalence of gallstone disease is higher in women who have multiple children than in women who have one child. 2, Age “Forty” The incidence of gallstone disease increases with age, and the incidence of gallstone disease in people over forty years old is greatly increased. This is because the biliary tract motor function gradually decreases with age. Therefore, the older you are, the easier it is for cholesterol to be deposited in the bile and “settle” in the biliary system to form gallstones. 3, diet “Fatty” high-fat, high-protein diet is an important risk factor for gallstone disease. Investigations have shown that the incidence of gallstone disease in people with a high-fat, high-protein diet is almost five times higher than that in people with a vegetable and sugar-based diet. Scientists have done experiments, the mice were divided into two groups, one group was fed a lipid-rich diet, while the other group was fed a normal diet, the former the incidence of gallstone disease is much higher than the latter. Scientists also found an interesting phenomenon, Eskimos live in the snow and ice, usually high-fat, high-protein animal-based diet, but they almost no gallstone disease. Why is this? It turns out that Eskimos like to eat fish in the deep sea, this fish is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A, these elements can effectively prevent the occurrence of gallstone disease. 4, obesity obese people often have hyperlipidemia, its cholesterol content in the bile is also relatively high. Together with obese people often lack of exercise, the biliary tract motor function is also poor. Therefore, obesity is also one of the important risk factors for gallstone disease. Genetic factors frequently play a role genetic predisposition, is another factor affecting the occurrence of gallstone disease. The incidence of cholelithiasis varies between races, regions, and families. Scandinavia and North and Central America are considered to have a high incidence of cholelithiasis, whereas Eastern Africa is considered to be a cholelithiasis-free zone; the incidence of cholesterol stones is higher in Westerners than in Easterners; and the incidence of cholelithiasis is about 4.5 times higher in the general population if there are people with cholelithiasis in the immediate family. Twins living in Japan and the United States were also investigated and it was found that if one twin suffered from cholelithiasis, the probability of the other suffering from cholelithiasis was significantly higher. More recently, it has been found that genes carrying information about cholelithiasis are indeed present in humans and animals. This reinforces the genetic link between the occurrence of cholelithiasis. Biliary tract infections are lycanthropic Biliary tract infections are closely related to the development of cholelithiasis, with more than 80% of patients with cholelithiasis suffering from biliary tract infections and 60% to 70% of patients with biliary tract infections suffering from cholelithiasis. In biliary tract infection, bacteria can convert soluble direct bilirubin in bile into indirect bilirubin, which can easily combine with calcium to precipitate into stones. In addition, biliary roundworm infections can also cause cholelithiasis. This is because roundworm eggs can be the core of gallstones, and roundworm infection can cause changes in the internal environment of the biliary tract, which can more easily induce stone formation. Therefore, paying attention to personal hygiene and preventing biliary tract infections is an important means of preventing gallstone disease. Other diseases contribute to gallstone in addition, there are some diseases that are closely related to gallstone disease. For example, after a major gastrectomy, the tension of the gallbladder changes, which can stagnate bile and form stones; after a partial colectomy, the patient’s ability to absorb bile salts from the intestine decreases, the content of bile salts in the bile decreases, the ability to dissolve cholesterol decreases, and the incidence of cholesterol stones increases. Diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis and hemolytic diseases are associated with the occurrence of cholelithiasis. In order to prevent gallstone disease, in our daily life, we should pay attention to avoid excessive intake of high-fat and high-protein diet, especially high-cholesterol foods, such as animal offal and egg yolk. However, it is not necessary to stay away from these foods, because moderate intake of such foods can promote gallbladder contraction and bile renewal, which is conducive to the prevention of gallstone disease. More vegetables, especially carrots rich in vitamin A, as well as moderate intake of foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as peanuts, deep-sea fish oil, etc., are beneficial to the prevention of gallstone disease. The diet should be regular, because if the hunger time is too long, the gallbladder cannot contract in time, and the bile accumulated in it will easily precipitate, prompting the formation of stones. In addition, we have to adhere to the appropriate amount of exercise, which can reduce the deposition of fat in the body to improve the biliary tract motor function, which facilitates the frequent renewal of bile. Emotional tension is not conducive to biliary tract movement, especially long-term emotional tension will lead to metabolic disorders in the body, prone to gallstone disease. We should also avoid excessive stress and pay attention to the combination of work and rest. Of course, if gallstone disease has already occurred, then it is best to go to the hospital and let the doctor develop a treatment plan according to each person’s situation.