The skull, as the protective shield of the human brain, assumes the most important responsibility for life activities. According to statistics, there are more than 3 million patients with cranial defects due to traffic accidents and accidents every year, and cranial defects are the more common sequelae of post-injury and post-operative patients with craniosynostosis. As the brain tissue loses the shielding role of normal skull and is prone to secondary injury, and the skull defect can cause various symptoms and affect the appearance, it is often necessary to perform skull repair and shaping to restore the normal stable state of intracranial pressure as soon as possible, so as to reduce the intracranial pressure caused by the skull defect, the daily drastic changes in brain pressure, the continuous serious damage to the brain and the functional impact. 1, children with cranial defects, the people say “the child’s head bone is missing a piece”, what is the common cause? There are many reasons for this, the common ones are brain trauma and post-surgery, brain hemorrhage, inflammation and tumor of the skull, meningitis, etc. In the past two years, our statistics show that the incidence of traumatic brain injury in children has climbed, which is related to the decrease of children’s activity places and the increase of private cars. This has planted a bomb for cranial defects in children. 2, then children’s skull can grow with growth, so the skull defect does not need to be treated, it will grow slowly, right? The actual situation is not like that. After skull defect in children, as they grow, their skull bone grows along the area rich in periosteum, which is a kind of abnormal deformed growth and often causes fracture, we call it “child growth fracture”, which is very harmful to children, and individual cases can be seen to damage brain tissue, so skull defect in children cannot be healed normally. In addition, when a child has a prolonged skull defect, the lower brain tissue can collapse, causing abnormal development of the cerebral cortex or a potential risk of epilepsy. What’s more, children are still in the psychological development period, they need to go to school and communicate normally, because of the skull defect, children around the same age will discriminate or bully the affected children, which is very unfavorable to the physical and mental development of children. 3.Does the skull defect have to be repaired? Is there any size requirement? This question is about the basic condition of cranial repair, or the indication of surgery. In the past, medical experts generally believed that a skull defect of more than 3 cm in diameter is meaningful for repair, but this is a generalization. From the perspective of international evidence-based medicine, cranial defects can be repaired if they are greater than 2 cm in the area of cosmetic concern or greater than 3 cm in other areas. In addition, patients with very negative psychology about cranial defects should be aggressively repaired without limiting the size limit. All cranial defects in children should be actively repaired. 4.How long should the repair of skull defect be done? It is now believed that the timing of cranial repair should not be too late, and as long as the condition is stable, it should be repaired early to prevent the negative effects of various cranial defects from appearing. 5.What kind of repair material is used after skull defect in children? Is it the same as adults? What are the advantages of new material technology? The repair of skull defects in children is very demanding, not only for aesthetic needs, but also for the future development and growth of the child. In adults, metal titanium plates are commonly used and fixed to the skull with titanium nails, but this technique may not work well in pediatric patients. The skull density varies among children of different ages and titanium nail fixation can be potentially dangerous. In addition, the growth of the child’s skull after the metal object is fixed to the skull can cause deformation or hinder the growth of the metal plate due to changes in force. There is also a psychological burden associated with metal retention in the child’s brain. We now recommend and use the artificial bone repair material – “Skeleton Gold” developed by Tsinghua University, which is a bionic bone material without any metal, this material is metal free, the bone density and hardness is in accordance with the age of the child, it does not inhibit the growth of the skull, and It is formed by computerized three-dimensional positioning, and the engineer analyzes the data according to the child’s bone age, so that the formed cranial bone is seamlessly matched with the defective cranial bone. From the children who have been followed up so far, the cranial bone repair after surgery is satisfactory without skull deformation and fluid accumulation. And it can effectively improve the mental abnormality of children and adolescents after cranial defects, and the efficacy is indeed. After the operation, the child can move as normal children, participate in study and spare time activities, and normal airplane travel is not affected (the original metal plate security check has reaction), and MRI examination in the future is not affected (no metal). 6.So what process do you usually take to examine the child with skull defect after coming to the hospital and how to count this cycle? After the child is admitted to the hospital, a 64-row CT 3D imaging engraving is performed first, and then the child can go home first. The engraved disk is handed over to the engineer for skull shaping, and we communicate with the child at any time to “customize” the skull according to the child’s specific age, location and shape of the skull defect, and the shaped skull is sterilized and vacuum-packed directly to the operating table. Therefore, if the child comes to the hospital for examination on the first day, the repair surgery can be performed in the third week and the hospitalization takes about 10 days. 7.What is the approximate cost of this bionic bone skull repair material that does not use metal? It depends on the size of the skull defect, and the cost will be higher if the defect area is large. 8.Last question, can adults take this skull repair technique? Besides cranial defects, what other diseases can be treated with this repair material? Adults can take this artificial bone for repair, we will individualize cranial bone shaping according to the age of adults and can adjust the shape of the skull according to the needs of patients, so that patients with cranial defects can enjoy the highest level of cranial cosmetic services, which is also a reflection of medical technology into service. Patients can come to us for this artificial bone repair treatment as long as they are resistant to metal retention or are concerned about future MRI or airplane travel restrictions. In addition to the skull defect itself, some patients who have suffered a skull depression fracture due to childhood head trauma and have not undergone skull depression repair treatment and have a deformed healing condition can also adopt this technique, during which we will remove the old bone of the deformed depression and fix the new bone that has been formed and restore the skull to its original shape.