Targeted drug therapy is a new breakthrough in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years and is an integral part of the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer. Targeted therapy means that the drug will work on the “target”, which is the liver tumor. Targeted drugs will only work on liver tumors, but will not kill normal cells like chemotherapy. The principle of action is: firstly, targeted drugs will inhibit tumors from generating new blood vessels, which will slow down the growth of tumors without blood supply and nutrition source; secondly, targeted drugs will accelerate the apoptosis of tumor cells. Firstly, patients with lymph node metastasis, because liver cancer cells may metastasize to other organs or tissues through lymphatic vessels; secondly, patients whose blood vessels are invaded by tumors, which have a higher possibility of recurrence after surgery and poorer long-term prognosis; thirdly, patients whose surgical resection margins are positive. Fourth, patients with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery, whose condition may be more serious than the previous one; fifth, patients with high postoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). This indicates that the tumor in the patient’s body is highly dangerous. In the past, targeted drugs were only used for patients whose tumors could not be removed, but now, I recommend that patients who can be operated or after surgery can also take targeted drugs, which can help improve the survival rate of patients. It is important to emphasize that targeted drugs and chemotherapeutic drugs act at different points, so they are not substitutes for each other, but they can form a complementary and better effect when used in combination. Targeted drugs are more effective, but they are not “miracle drugs”, and there is no clear conclusion on how much they can improve the survival of patients, but overall the efficacy is still relatively optimistic. Targeted drugs also have certain side effects, but they are generally mild and can be treated symptomatically to relieve symptoms. The most common side effect is diarrhea, if diarrhea occurs, take some antidiarrheal drugs can be; the next is molting, patients can apply some cream containing vitamin E; some patients may have the adverse reaction of increased blood pressure, such patients can consult with the doctor how to take antihypertensive drugs. Every three months after taking targeted drugs, imaging evaluation is needed, usually CT or MRI, after the stabilization period, ultrasound can be used instead to observe the effect of taking targeted drugs. If it is ineffective, the drug should be stopped in time to reduce the side effects of the drug and to reduce the financial burden of the patient, because the cost of targeted drugs is relatively high.