According to the World Health Organization, about 3 billion people worldwide have different degrees of anemia, and among those who suffer from anemia, women are significantly higher than men, and the elderly and children are higher than the young and middle-aged. The most common type of anemia in clinical practice is nutritional anemia. Nowadays, people’s living conditions have improved and they are not worried about food and clothing, how can they still have nutritional anemia? Recently, the Department of Hematology of our hospital has received several cases of nutritional anemia, all of which were suffering from nutritional anemia. Patients showed symptoms such as mental depression, unsightly face, weakness and dizziness, and some even had cracked tongue and mirror tongue. When 55-year-old Master Wang visited a hospital in Hefei earlier for recurrent tongue inflammation, tongue pain, throat discomfort and dizziness, he was suspected of having enlarged tonsils and had them removed immediately. However, several months later, the condition had not improved and was accompanied by arm tingling. The patient was later seen by our hematology department and was found to have severe anemia with low platelets and white blood cells, and was found to have nutritional anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency. It was found that this patient was malnourished due to his dietary habits and long-term meatlessness. After treatment in our hematology department, her condition improved day by day and she has been discharged from the hospital. Auntie Liu, who had a long-term strictly controlled diet because of her heart disease, had symptoms of weakness and dizziness not long ago and fainted at home and was sent to the emergency department of the hospital by her family. After the diagnosis of the emergency department doctors recommended that the patient should be sent to the hematology department for examination. A routine blood test in our hematology department revealed that the patient’s hematocrit was only 40g/L and also had symptoms of mirror tongue, and was diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia (a type of nutritional anemia). The manifestation symptoms of mirror tongue are smooth tongue surface, no tongue coating, patient’s taste function is reduced, no appetite, some patients have cracked tongue, ulcers and other symptoms, so many patients often choose to go to dentistry, but the treatment effect is not obvious. So what kind of disease is nutritional anemia? What are the symptoms and how to prevent and treat it? Nutritional anemia mainly includes iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia megaloblastic anemia megaloblastic anemia is mainly caused by folic acid or (and) vitamin B12 deficiency. It is related to nutritional conditions, dietary structure and cooking habits. Etiology: 1. Folic acid deficiency is the cause of megaloblastic anemia. The amount of folic acid stored in the body is only enough for 4 months. Lack of fresh vegetables in food, overcooking or pickling can cause loss of folic acid. Alcoholics often have folic acid deficiency. Inflammation of the small intestine (especially the jejunal segment), tumors, surgical resection and tropical stomatitis diarrhea can lead to inadequate absorption of folic acid. The daily requirement of folic acid for pregnant women is 400-600?g. The need for folic acid increases in growing children and adolescents, as well as in patients with chronic recurrent hemolysis, leukemia, tumors, hyperthyroidism and long-term chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis, and folic acid deficiency can occur with insufficient supplementation. 2, the etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency Elderly people and gastrectomy patients with reduced gastric acid secretion often have vitamin B12 deficiency. In patients with atrophic gastritis, post-total gastrectomy and pernicious anemia, the absorption of vitamin B12 in food and the reabsorption of vitamin B12 in bile are impaired. In addition to the symptoms of anemia such as weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath and palpitations after activity, patients with severe anemia may have mild jaundice and may also have a reduced white blood cell count and platelets, and patients may occasionally have infection and bleeding tendency (2) Gastrointestinal symptoms Gastrointestinal symptoms are recurrent tongue inflammation, smooth tongue, papillae and loss of taste, and loss of appetite. Loss of appetite. Bloating, diarrhea and constipation are occasionally seen. (3) Neurological symptoms include weakness, symmetrical numbness of hands and feet, sensory disturbance, unstable gait of lower limbs, and difficulty walking. Children and the elderly often show mental abnormalities, lack of desire, depression, drowsiness or mental confusion. However, a small number of people have mental changes, mental retardation and disorientation, which is called “megaloblastic dementia”. In some patients with megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms may occur before the anemia. Treatment Increase education on nutrition and correct partial eating and poor cooking habits. Supplementation of folic acid or vitamin B12. Dietary care People with folic acid deficiency are advised to eat lightly, eat more fruits and vegetables, match meals reasonably and pay attention to adequate nutrition. Folic acid is widely found in vegetables, fruits and vegetables, liver, kidney and dairy products. Folic acid is sensitive to heat and light and is easily destroyed during cooking. People with vitamin B12 deficiency are advised to eat lean meats. Vitamin B12 is found in animal foods. Liver, kidney and meat are more abundant, and dairy contains very little. In February 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that most cereal staples sold in the United States must be fortified with folic acid to prevent congenital diseases such as spina bifida in newborns. If a pregnant woman does not consume enough folic acid, her baby will be born susceptible to this disease. Iron deficiency anemia Causes of iron deficiency anemia 1. Increased need for iron and insufficient intake: In fast-growing infants, children, women with heavy menstruation, pregnancy or lactation, the need for iron increases, and if the diet is lacking, iron anemia is easily caused. 2.Iron malabsorption. 3, Gastrointestinal bleeding such as ulcer disease, cancer, hookworm disease, bleeding esophageal varices, bleeding hemorrhoids, gastric sinusitis after taking salicylates and other diseases that can cause chronic bleeding, women with excessive menstruation and hemolytic anemia with iron-containing hemoglobinuria or hemoglobinuria can cause iron deficiency anemia. Why do children nowadays still have nutritional anemia? The ratio of various nutrients is not appropriate due to unreasonable food matching. What people say about good life is only that they often have fish, meat and eggs constantly, and some parents often buy Wahaha, instant milk powder, milk and Loblaws milk, etc., thinking that these things are “advanced” nutrients. They do not know that these so-called “advanced” nutrition products happen to lack iron, or the content is very little. In addition, some children are partial and picky eaters, resulting in an imbalance in nutrient intake. Moreover, iron absorption often requires a certain degree of acidity. Vitamin C is acidic, which can promote the absorption of iron by the body. In many families, parents often do not pay attention to give their children with a certain amount of green leafy vegetables, even if there are vegetables on the table, but also did not pay attention to persuade children to eat more vegetables, so the supply of vitamin C is insufficient, thus affecting the absorption of iron. When vitamin C is lacking, folic acid in the body often replaces it in nucleic acid metabolism, and folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential components of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the cell nucleus, and if they are lacking, the maturation of the red blood cell nucleus will be seriously affected, and another kind of anemia, nutritional macrocytic anemia, is bound to occur. The intake of nutrients can not meet the needs of the body The body of infants and young children develop faster, and the demand for various nutrients is more urgent, especially for children who are already overweight and ultra-high, the demand for nutrients increases even more, and if they are not properly supplemented, it is self-evident that nutritional anemia can easily occur. Therefore, in order to keep children from developing nutritional anemia, we must pay attention to reasonable processing and cooking, and diversify meals, such as seafood like nori and kelp, shrimp, sesame, mushrooms, fungus, soybean products and pork liver, which are rich in iron and can be switched around frequently. In particular, we should encourage and persuade children to eat more green leafy vegetables, correct their bad habits, so that all kinds of nutrients can be balanced, and children will naturally not have nutritional anemia. Nutritional anemia daily precautions 1, anemic children need to improve nutrition, iron deficiency anemia infants should add supplementary foods containing more iron, such as egg yolk, liver, lean meat, soy products, spinach, etc.. Infants with macrocytic anemia should be fed more fresh green leafy vegetables, animal liver, lean kidney meat, etc. Improving the nutrition of nursing mothers, adding complementary foods to infants in a timely manner, and preventing partial eating in older children can prevent malnutrition anemia. 2.Coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and arrhythmia caused by malnutrition anemia are not rare and should be taken seriously. Therefore, we should pay attention to nutritional balance and avoid monotonous diet to avoid the occurrence of anemic heart disease or other malnutrition diseases. For children with malnutrition anemia, the activity level should be controlled appropriately, and because the resistance of anemic children decreases, parents should pay attention to the room temperature, add and remove clothes and blankets in time, and prevent colds and flu to avoid co-infection to aggravate the disease.