The detection rate of ground-glass opacity (GGO) has gradually increased with the popularization of CT technology and its widespread use in early lung cancer screening. Most scholars believe that focal ground-glass opacity (fGGO) is an early manifestation of early lung cancer, especially bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC). GGO is a focal cloudy density shadow with mildly increased density on high-resolution CT images, but the bronchial and vascular textures within it can still be shown. Its pathological basis pairs as the growth of tumor cells along the alveolar septum. The alveolar wall is thickened, but the alveolar cavity is not occluded, and there may be a small amount of mucus or exfoliated tumor cells within it. Both GGO and solid shadowing show increased density in the lesion area, but bronchial and vascular textures are visible in the former lesion area, while vascular textures are not visible in the latter lesion area. GGO is divided into two categories: diffuse and restrictive, according to its distribution. Diffuse GGO appears on high-resolution CT as a diffuse, faint, slightly dense shadow with indistinct borders in the lung field, and is commonly seen in the early stages of diseases such as allergic pneumonia, pulmonary edema, alveolar protein deposition, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and radiation pneumonia, as well as during pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumonia dissipation. GGO with a more limited lesion is called fGGo, while thoracic surgeons are more interested in limited GGO in the lung, hoping to identify early lung cancer from it and achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment. There are three types of GGO: pure GGO (pGGO), mixed GGO (mGGO), and pure GGO (pGGO), which are completely ground glass-like and do not show up in the CT mediastinal window. The majority of simple GGOs are AAH and BAC in nature, and most do not have invasive growth. The pathological features of BAC are CLARA cells and type II alveolar cells growing along the alveolar wall without invasion of the alveolar septum, so BAC is considered to be a carcinoma in situ, and the literature suggests that BAC-GGO occurs most often in non-smoking women aged 50-60 years and can be multiple; AAH is a precancerous lesion of BAC. Takashi Ohtsuka summarized 26 cases of simple GGO: 15 cases of AAH, 10 cases of BAC, and 1 case of fibrous nodule. BAC were all lesions larger than 1CM, suggesting that simple GGO larger than 1CM may be more malignant, and all patients had no lymph node metastasis. The authors suggested that local excision under VATS is preferred for simple GGO. We reported 39 cases of PGGO less than 2CM in diameter, all of which were preferred for local resection under VATS, and 2 of them belonged to Noguchi C lobectomy because of active BAC fibroblast proliferation on intraoperative freezing, and all of them were followed up for 29.3 months after surgery, and the patients survived without recurrence. Therefore, most PGGOs belong to Noguchi A and B without lymph node metastasis, so local resection by VATS is preferred. For the few PGGO larger than 2 CM, or with intraoperative freezing showing Noguchi C, lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection are recommended. The pathological type of MGGO is mostly adenocarcinoma or BAC. Compared with PGGO, MGGO has a higher malignancy, faster growth rate, and higher lymph node metastasis rate, and the diameter of MGGO is larger than that of PGGO. Some reports suggest that the percentage of GGO is an important indicator of malignancy and prognosis. and have a better prognosis. It is reported that for MGGO with GGO component greater than 50%, there is generally no lymph node metastasis and the three-year survival rate is 97.7%; for GGO component 10-49%, the lymph node metastasis rate is 20% and the three-year survival rate is 86.1%; for GGO component less than 10%, the lymph node metastasis rate is 24.4% and the three-year survival rate is 78.5%: it is suggested that for GGO greater than 50%, local excision is recommended, and for GGO less than 50%, local excision is recommended. local resection is recommended, and for GGO less than 50%, lobectomy plus mediastinal lymph node dissection is recommended. For small and early stage lung cancers, lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection is still the standard procedure, but should the treatment for GGO be open-heart surgery or VATS, partial or lobectomy? Is lymph node dissection necessary? These questions are still inconclusive. For PGGO less than 5 MM, regular CT follow-up is indicated, and surgical intervention is considered if solid lesions or lesions increase in size, and for MGGO, aggressive surgical treatment is indicated. Given the low malignancy of BAC, patients with BAC-GGO have the same long-term survival rate with sublobar resection as with lobectomy. For PGGO less than 2CM or MGGO greater than 50%, sublobar resection under VATS is preferred, and if intraoperative freezing shows an aggressive active tumor, lobectomy is intermediate. For MGGO with lesions larger than 2 CM or GGO less than 50%, lobectomy is recommended.