Medulloblastoma is one of the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system, originating from embryonic remnant cells, and can occur in any part of the brain tissue, with the vast majority located in the cerebellar earth. This kind of tumor grows extremely fast, and it is not easy to be completely removed by surgery. It has the characteristic of spreading and planting with cerebrospinal fluid, which makes it difficult to be treated. Most of them are found in children, and 68.8% of them are before 8 years old. Vomiting is the most common and the only manifestation in the early stage of the disease. Vomiting is projectile, unrelated to eating and drinking, and often occurs early in the morning, but can occur at any time as the disease progresses. Increased intracranial pressure may cause headaches, optic papilla edema, and, in infants and children with unclosed bones, an increase in head circumference. Neck resistance can be caused by compression of nerve roots and dura mater in the upper cervical segment. Some patients have seizures. Cerebellar compression may cause balance dysfunction and unsteadiness. Patients tend to be oriented to the tumor-side forced position to facilitate cerebrospinal fluid reflux. For the diagnosis of this disease, in addition to relevant symptoms and signs, the most important auxiliary examination is cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can show the location of the tumor and its relationship with the surrounding structures in an all-round way, and CT examination also has some reference value. The main treatment for medulloblastoma is surgical resection. The traditional surgical method of occipital craniotomy, cutting the cerebellar tissue and then resecting the tumor, is very traumatic and has a long recovery period, and the excessive damage to the brain tissue often leads to numerous complications such as balance dysfunction, limb ataxia, and frequent vomiting. Our department often adopts minimally invasive ventriculoscopic tumor resection, which has small damage, fast recovery, minimizes the damage to brain tissue and greatly reduces complications. Postoperative treatment is combined with radiation therapy, and some patients are supplemented with chemotherapy. The comprehensive therapeutic effect is good, which greatly improves the survival quality of patients.