Medulloblastoma in children is the most common brain tumor in children, accounting for about 40% of all tumors in the posterior cranial fossa of children. Although medulloblastoma is the highest grade malignant tumor, its prognosis has been significantly improved with recent medical advances. For the treatment of posterior cranial fossa medulloblastoma in children, treatment of hydrocephalus, resection of the tumor as far as possible and postoperative radiotherapy are three consecutive treatment processes. According to the available techniques, the 5-year survival of children with posterior cranial fossa medulloblastoma is more than 70% without spinal metastases and up to 55% with spinal metastases. Therefore, medulloblastoma of the posterior cranial fossa is not a terminal disease, and even if there are spinal metastases, the prognosis is still possible with active standardized treatment. What’s more, gene targeted therapy, which emerged only a few years ago, offers the possibility of an eventual cure for this type of tumor.