Depression Persistent feelings of low mood and unhappiness; diminished or lost interest; fatigue and lack of energy; appetite and weight changes; decreased concentration and memory; feelings of worthlessness or self-blame; suicidal thoughts or behaviors. No history of manic episodes ever, otherwise bipolar disorder is diagnosed. Bipolar disorder Alternating depression and mania (euphoria). Depressive periods are characterized by depressed mood and decreased interest, exactly like depression, but with manic (euphoric) experiences. Manic periods are characterized by euphoria, arrogance, exaggeration, talkativeness, decreased need for sleep, recklessness, impulsiveness and irritability, excessive spending or making irrational investments. Generalized anxiety disorder Excessive worry about many things in life; emotional tension, agitation, irritability, insomnia, inattention; dizziness, panic, sweating, muscle tension, frequent urination, diarrhea and other somatic symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Unpleasant, meaningless thoughts or images often pop up in the mind that one cannot control, often through efforts to restrain or compulsive behavior to try to eliminate these thoughts; excessive pursuit of perfection, excessive attention to cleanliness, excessive worry about infectious diseases; uncontrollable repetitive actions (such as repeated washing, checking, questioning, counting, etc.). Social phobia Nervousness, discomfort, and fear of social situations where one may be noticed and scrutinized; concern that one’s words, actions, or anxious performance will cause negative evaluation; avoidance of the appropriate social situations, such as fear of public speaking, fear of looking at each other, fear of blushing, etc. Panic disorder Sudden sense of near death, fear, along with rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, choking, sweating, shaking, nausea, dizziness, feeling of losing control or going crazy, etc.; often repeated trips to the emergency room or internal medicine for examination are not abnormal findings. Anticipatory anxiety: worry, fear of the next attack. Avoidance: such as fear of going out, taking public transportation, flying, etc., for fear of having an attack in such situations. Somatoform disorder: Frequent worry or excessive concern about various physical discomfort, repeatedly going to the hospital for various tests or treatments, even if the tests are negative or the doctor’s repeated explanations do not dispel the doubts. These include hypochondriasis, somatoform pain, body image disorder (belief that there are defects in appearance that cannot be clearly observed by others, dissatisfaction with one’s own image, repeated plastic surgery, etc.). Eating disorders Excessive dieting, over-eating, or repeated vomiting, etc., including: anorexia nervosa: significantly lower than normal weight still consider themselves fat, repeatedly over-controlling their diet. Bulimia nervosa: repeated overeating, often with regret and fear of gaining weight after eating, and self-induced vomiting. Neurotic vomiting: repeated vomiting, weight loss, and no abnormal findings on medical examination. Sleep disorder: Decreased or increased sleep time, decreased sleep quality, excessive dreaming, early awakening, etc.