If you notice pale, moist skin, sudden onset of anxiety and dyspnea in a patient with jugular vein anger, measure his or her blood pressure. If hypotension and odd pulse are noted, suspect cardiac compression. Elevate the feet 20° to 30° off the bed, give oxygen support, and monitor cardiac status and rhythm, oxygen saturation, and psychological status. Establish intravenous access to give medications, keep CPR equipment immediately available, and assemble needed equipment for emergency pericardiocentesis (to relieve cardiac pressure). Throughout the procedure, monitor the patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. If the patient is cardiac tamponade, prepare for pericardiocentesis. If there is no cardiac tamponade. Limit fluid intake and monitor fluid output. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter if necessary. If patient is in heart failure, use diuretics. Change the patient’s position frequently to avoid skin breakdown due to peripheral edema. Prepare the patient for central vein or Swan-Ganz catheter insertion to measure right- and left-sided cardiac pressures. In most infants and young children, jugular vein irritation is difficult (sometimes impossible) to diagnose, due to their short, hypertrophic neck. Even in school-aged children, the diagnosis of jugular vein anger is not reliable. This is because the distance between the sternal angle and the right atrium is different from that of adults (its value is about 5-7 cm). Inform patients with heart failure about appropriate treatment, including dietary restrictions (e.g., low-sodium diet).