Common neck mass is mainly divided into three categories: congenital mass, inflammatory mass and neoplastic mass. Congenital mass: Congenital mass refers to the development of abnormalities in embryonic development due to the mass, especially cysts, generally soft, mostly cystic, painless, mobile or fluctuating, mostly round or round-like, slow-growing. Congenital masses include: gill slit cysts and fistulas, thyroglossal cysts and fistulas, dermoid cysts, cystic hydatid cysts, and hemangiomas. For congenital masses before infection occurs in principle should be completely removed surgically to avoid infection. Inflammatory masses: Inflammatory masses are divided into acute inflammatory masses and chronic inflammatory masses according to the time of progression of the disease, and according to the location, they are mainly divided into superficial tissue inflammation, including carbuncle, cellulitis, and dengue; deep tissue inflammation, including pharyngolaryngeal gap infection, submandibular gap infection, and so on; inflammation of cervical lymph nodes and others, such as syphilitic infections, and so on. Acute and chronic lymphadenitis is mostly developed from upper respiratory tract infection, oral cavity or external ear canal inflammation, in addition to the primary disease, the local manifestations of cervical lymph node enlargement, pressure and pain, severe cases may have local redness, fever, etc. Treatment for the treatment of the primary disease on the basis of anti-infective, strengthen the nutrition, and enhance the body’s resistance. Neoplastic mass: Neoplastic mass is divided into two categories: benign tumor and malignant tumor. Benign tumors mainly include nerve sheath tumors, carotid body tumors, gill slit tumors, submandibular gland tumors and thyroid adenomas, among which thyroid adenomas are the most common. Thyroid adenomas are most common in middle-aged and young women. Patients often find lumps unintentionally without conscious symptoms, and huge adenomas may compress the trachea and lead to breathlessness, or suddenly bleed and cause neck pain and other discomforts. Surgical removal of benign tumors of the neck is generally appropriate. Malignant tumors mainly include salivary gland malignant tumors, primary lymphatic malignant tumors, metastatic neck malignant tumors and thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is further classified into papillary adenocarcinoma, follicular adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma according to its pathological features. Among them, papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common and is prone to early lymph node metastasis. All malignant tumors of the neck should be treated with surgery as early as possible, and the surgical method should be determined according to the size and invasion of the tumor, or further radiotherapy or chemotherapy should be performed.