Cranial base depression is one of the congenital diseases of neurosurgery, which refers to a series of clinical symptoms triggered by the compression of the brainstem or high cervical medulla due to the abnormal development of bony structures in the craniocervical junction area, such as numbness, soreness and even limb weakness of the upper or lower limbs, which may be accompanied by muscle atrophy of the upper limbs and deformation of the fingers, as well as tightness of the chest, suffocation of the air, choking and coughing when swallowing, and paralysis, or even respiratory distress, may be seen in severe cases. The above symptoms can be aggravated after trauma to the neck. Imaging requires MRI and can be combined with subcerebellar tonsillar herniation or spinal cord cavitation. Surgical treatment is the only right choice. I have summarized years of clinical data and combined it with the latest advances in surgical techniques to write a related article.