China is one of the countries with a high prevalence of birth defects in the world, accounting for about 20% of the world’s birth defects each year. Among them, the incidence of pediatric congenital heart disease is 0.7-0.8%, which means that 7-8 babies out of 1000 newborns suffer from congenital heart malformation or defect. According to epidemiological surveys, there are about 150,000 new children with congenital heart disease in China every year. The arrival of a new life should bring joy and hope to families, but families of children with congenital heart disease are always immersed in boundless depression. Although many congenital heart diseases develop very rapidly during infancy, as long as they are detected early and treated with timely surgery, it is very possible to cure them and let them grow up as healthy children. Why do you get congenital heart disease? Congenital heart disease is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which can be mainly divided into two types of factors, internal factors mainly refer to genetic factors, while external factors refer to external injuries such as infections suffered by pregnant women before and during pregnancy: 1. Genetic factors Congenital heart disease has a certain degree of family morbidity trend, in a family, it is seen that there are relatives suffering from congenital heart disease at the same time, which indicates the existence of genetic factors for congenital heart disease. Genetic studies have concluded that most congenital heart diseases are formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. 2, fetal development environment Mother’s pregnancy such as amniotic membrane lesions, fetal pressure, early pregnancy pre-eclampsia miscarriage, or maternal malnutrition, suffering from diabetes, hypercalcemia and other diseases, even in early pregnancy exposure to radiation and cytotoxic drugs and viral infections, may make the fetus heart malformation, congenital heart disease. 3, bad hobbies before pregnancy pregnant women love to “swallow fog”, husband smoking, wife “passive smoking” can also make the fetus heart malformation. Some studies have pointed out that babies born to smoking mothers are twice as likely to suffer from precocious heart disease as children born to non-smoking mothers. Conception after drinking can cause chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, and most babies born with alcoholism have cardiovascular abnormalities. Classification of congenital heart disease The condition of different types of pediatric congenital heart disease varies greatly and can be generally divided into the following two categories: 1. Non-cyanotic Non-cyanotic congenital heart disease may not have obvious discomfort when it is mild and only a heart murmur will be found during physical examination; in severe cases, children often have feeding difficulties, vomiting, malnutrition, easy fatigue and shortness of breath during infancy and childhood, and can also appear when crying “cyanosis”. 2, cyanotic type Severely ill children with cyanotic precocious heart disease mostly show purple skin on the face or even the whole body at birth or soon after birth (i.e. “cyanosis”), wheezing, shortness of breath, depression, refusal to eat milk, low response, recurrent heart failure, etc. If not treated in time, survival is usually difficult to exceed one year, and severe patients The mortality rate is more than 50% within one month. In fact, pediatric congenital heart disease is not an incurable disease, cardiothoracic surgery has reached a very high level of development today, with a success rate of 97%-98%. Compared to the fear of surgical risks, what really makes congenital heart disease a nightmare is the parents’ misconceptions about the period of congenital heart disease treatment. Some people think: the child is too young, weak, poor resistance, can not afford surgery, want to wait until the child is older, stronger and then surgery, do not know, many children is because the operation time is delayed again and again, and finally missed the best time for surgery, resulting in lifelong regret. Therefore, the importance of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of pediatric precocious heart disease. “Clinically, we find that many children are already in serious condition when they are brought to the hospital.” Children need to come to the hospital promptly when they show the following early symptoms Delayed growth and development. Most children with congenital heart disease have significantly slower development than children of the same age, slower weight gain, lean body shape, and easy sweating. If nutritional deficiencies or rickets are ruled out, it is highly likely that congenital heart disease is causing cardiac insufficiency and insufficient blood supply to the heart. Difficulty in breastfeeding. Shortness of breath, breath-holding, cyanosis, choking and refusal to feed often occur when breastfeeding, and there may be a bulge in the left precordial region of the chest, which are all manifestations of cardiac insufficiency. Frequent respiratory tract infections. Children with low resistance often have recurrent episodes of upper respiratory tract infections, and in severe cases, wheezing and hoarseness may occur, which are never caused by the common cold and are difficult to treat with anti-cold medications as a rule. In recent years, cardiac surgery can use a small incision in the right axillary chest to treat pediatric precordial disease, without splitting the sternum, without removing or cutting off the ribs, maintaining the continuity of the bony thorax, with minimal surgical trauma, light pain, fast recovery, and almost invisible incision scar, eliminating the concerns of many children and parents and greatly reducing their suffering. With regard to the cost of the surgery, families suffering from this disease can use medical insurance to reimburse part of the cost, and there are various foundations that support to help children, and poor families can apply. For one month after the surgery, the child is in poor health and should avoid going to crowded places to prevent cross-infection; avoid strenuous activities; feed reasonably and avoid overeating; and take medications to maintain heart function on time to consolidate the effect of the surgery treatment. Generally, one month after surgery, parents need to take their children to the hospital for a review, and the doctor will give guidance for later recovery according to the child’s condition at that time.