Glioma is one of the most common neurological tumors, accounting for about 40% of cases. However, the treatment of glioma is still very difficult and ineffective, especially for grade III and IV gliomas with high malignancy, where the 5-year survival rate is very low, with the average survival time for the latter being just over 1 year. The current treatment for glioma includes surgery, radiation therapy (radiotherapy) and chemotherapy (chemotherapy). Surgery is the treatment of choice, as surgical removal of the tumor can reduce the pressure of the tumor on the surrounding brain tissue and reduce the intracranial pressure, while the type, grading and molecular biology of the tumor can be clarified through laboratory tests. However, surgical treatment is very traumatic, especially the damage to the normal brain tissues around the tumor, which may cause paralysis, aphasia or even long-term coma in patients, which also limits the scope of surgical resection. At the same time, there is no clear boundary for glioma, therefore, it is difficult to achieve complete removal, which makes glioma will recur sooner or later. Later, radiotherapy was introduced for the treatment of malignant tumors. This is a treatment method that works on tumor tissues by means of radiation and can suppress or even kill tumors without surgery. Especially with the development of science and technology, new instruments such as gas pedal, gamma knife, radioactive knife, and the successful implementation of internal radiotherapy programs such as radioactive particle implantation, the safety of radiotherapy has been gradually improved, and the efficacy of radiotherapy has become more and more obvious. However, radiotherapy is likely to cause damage to normal brain tissue, cognitive impairment, radiation brain necrosis and prolonged surgical incisions; at the same time, radiotherapy cannot cure glioma, but only prolong the survival time of patients. Since the 1970s, chemotherapy (chemotherapy) has been gradually used in clinical practice and has achieved impressive results in a variety of tumors, and long-term cures can be reached in some leukocytes, spermatocellular carcinomas, and malignant choriocarcinomas. Therefore, chemotherapy is also gradually gaining attention in the treatment of glioma, and is continuously recognized and accepted by doctors and patients, and has become a routine treatment option for glioma. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is also limited, as it can only prolong the survival time of patients, but not achieve long-term remission. Based on all the above, oncologists have proposed the theory of tumor stem cells in the last decade or so. The theory suggests that any tumor tissue is generated by the continuous division, proliferation and reproduction of stem cells in it, and these progeny are divided into a very small number of tumor stem cells (CSC, also called cancer stem cells) and the majority of ordinary tumor cells. It is as if the queen bee is the middle stem cell that produces this family, and the ordinary bees are the ordinary cells in it. Any treatment that only kills the ordinary tumor cells can only reduce the size of the tumor for a short period of time, the remaining stem cells can fill the gap by proliferating indefinitely, and even quickly grow larger than the size of the original lump, which is called cancer progression. If, a treatment can kill or inhibit the tumor stem cells, a better therapeutic effect can be achieved and even long-term remission can be achieved (Figure 1). This phenomenon also applies to the honeycomb theory. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Catch the thief before the king”! Therefore, modern tumor therapy should target the tumor stem cells in it. We have been working on glioma stem cell research for the past 10 years. A large number of papers have been published internationally, identifying glioma stem cells as the root cause of glioma resistance to radiation therapy as well as chemotherapy, and the root cause of glioma recurrence. This is an enrichment and deepening of the tumor stem cell theory. Why are glioma stem cells resistant to drugs? What is the mechanism? We have studied it deeply and looked for some molecules. It was found that if these molecules are inhibited, chemotherapeutic drugs can enter glioma stem cells smoothly and then kill these stem cells. However, it was difficult to achieve this therapeutic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs alone (Figure 2). Subsequently, we applied this result clinically and reached a better efficacy in some patients. After 4-6 courses of chemotherapy, the tumors shrank significantly or even disappeared. ”A long way to go” is just a glimpse of the dawn of glioma treatment. On the basis of these exciting results, we have applied for the National Natural Science Foundation of China research projects and the National Ministry of Education research projects to deepen and expand, hoping to benefit more glioma patients.