Lead, a heavy metal with neurotoxic properties, causes multi-organ, multi-system, systemic and lifelong irreversible damage to children when it enters the body, most notably affecting their intellectual development and growth and development. In particular, the damage to the nervous system leads to mental retardation in children and has lifelong effects. It can develop into ADHD, inattentiveness and learning difficulties; accompanied by emotional irritability, aggressive behavior, anorexia, zinc deficiency, iron deficiency, decreased immunity, and stunted growth of height, etc. There is lead everywhere in our surroundings, and lead is a heavy metal with high specific gravity, which is easily precipitated in the soil or gathered in the atmosphere about 1 meter from the ground, and 75-100 cm from the ground is exactly the height range and activity area of children. Children absorb more lead than adults, both through the respiratory and digestive tracts. Children have more hand-to-mouth movements, and the digestive tract is the main way of lead absorption in children. Children have faster gastric emptying than adults, and the absorption rate of lead increases dramatically. Larger particles inhaled through the respiratory tract are also swallowed more into the digestive tract. And the excretion rate of lead in children is much lower than that of adults. Therefore, children are vulnerable to damage. Childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning are completely preventable. Prevention and early detection and intervention can be achieved through environmental intervention, health education, focused screening and monitoring. Cutting off the passage of lead from the environment into children’s body is the key. Specific measures are as follows: 1. Educate children to develop good habits of washing hands regularly, especially it is important to wash hands before meals. Lead dust in the environment can stain children’s hands when they play, and it is easy to enter their bodies with food or through habitual hand-to-mouth action, which will cause the increase of lead load for a long time. 2. Pay attention to children’s personal hygiene and cut nails regularly. The nail crevice is the part that can easily hide lead dust. 3.Wash children’s toys and supplies frequently. 4.Clean the dust in the parts that children can reach with a clean wet rag. Children’s food and tableware should be covered with dust. 5.Don’t take children to walk or play near lead working factories. 6.Family members who are directly engaged in lead work must change their work clothes and take a shower before they leave work. Work clothes and children’s clothes should not be washed together. Children should not be nursed in lead workplaces (or between jobs). 7.Families using coal as fuel should open windows more often for ventilation. Pregnant women and children should avoid passive smoking as much as possible. 8, shopping for children’s tableware should avoid colorful patterns and shoddy products. Children should avoid eating eggs and old popcorn machine popped food and other foods containing high levels of lead. 9, can not be used for a long time stagnant in the pipeline of tap water for children to make milk powder or cooking. 10.Children suffering from malnutrition, especially the lack of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements in their bodies can increase the absorption rate and susceptibility to lead. Therefore, in daily life, we should ensure children’s dietary balance and supply of various nutrients, and educate children to develop good eating habits. (1) Children should eat regularly and avoid overly greasy food. Because fasting and excessively greasy food will increase the absorption of lead in the intestinal tract. (2) Children should often eat dairy products and soybean products with sufficient calcium; animal liver, blood, meat, eggs and seafood rich in iron and zinc; fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, etc. In recent years, the overall trend of blood lead level of children in China is decreasing, and the proportion of most urban and rural children with blood lead level equal to or higher than 200mg/L is very low, so there is no need to conduct universal screening for childhood lead poisoning. However, for areas where industrial lead pollution exists or is suspected, screening for childhood lead poisoning can be considered. Children under 6 years old living or residing in high-risk areas and other high-risk groups should be regularly monitored: ① those living near smelters, storage battery plants and other lead-operated factories; ② those whose parents or co-residents are engaged in lead-operated labor; ③ those whose siblings or partners have been clearly diagnosed with childhood lead poisoning. In 2006, the Ministry of Health formulated the “Classification and Treatment Principles of Childhood Hyperleademia and Lead Poisoning” (for trial implementation), which stipulates that the diagnosis of childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning should be based on the children’s venous blood lead level. Hyperleukemia: two consecutive venous blood lead levels of 100-199mg/L; lead poisoning: two consecutive venous blood lead levels equal to or higher than 200mg/L; and according to the blood lead level, they are classified as mild, moderate and severe lead poisoning. Mild lead poisoning: blood lead level is 200-249mg/L; moderate lead poisoning: blood lead level is 250-449mg/L; severe lead poisoning: blood lead level is equal to or higher than 450mg/L; lead poisoning in children can be accompanied by certain non-specific clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain, constipation, anemia, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, etc.; when blood lead is equal to or higher than 700mg/L, it can be accompanied by coma and When the blood lead is equal to or higher than 700mg/L, it can be accompanied by coma, convulsion and other manifestations of lead poisoning disease. Children with mild lead poisoning do not need to take lead repellent drugs, but can consume more lead-removing and anti-lead foods, such as foods rich in protein, vitamins, fiber and trace elements, such as two bags of milk per day, which can reduce lead absorption. If you can’t find the cause of contamination, you can consult the doctor concerned and don’t believe in the advertisement, because the effect claimed by many health products in the market is difficult to be sure. Children diagnosed with moderate and severe lead poisoning need to be treated with lead repellent. The treatment must be regulated by a professional physician in a specialized hospital. During the treatment with lead repellent drugs, liver and kidney function, water electrolytes and other indicators should be tested. And the treatment effect should be closely observed. However, the fundamental way to deal with children’s hyperleademia and lead poisoning is to identify and remove the sources of lead pollution. The blood lead level of children can be significantly reduced after getting rid of the lead contamination source. Otherwise, even if drug treatment is carried out, the effect is not lasting.