ADHD and lead poisoning are two different diseases, but they have some similar symptoms. For example, they can both have hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, poor patience, memory loss, and learning disabilities. However, the mechanism of producing these symptoms is different. The symptoms caused by lead poisoning are due to long-term low-dose exposure to lead, which damages the nerve cells in the hippocampal gyrus of the brain. The nervous system of children is in a period of rapid growth and maturation, and is very sensitive to the toxicity of lead, therefore, it can affect the intellectual development of children. ADHD is a common neuropsychological disorder due to immature brain development, slight “damage”, weakness in the prefrontal area of the brain in terms of response or task switching ability, and dysfunction of the frontal lobe or caudate nucleus. Because of the different causes of hyperactivity, the treatment varies. The treatment of lead poisoning first depends on the blood lead level, generally speaking, below 100 micrograms is a relatively safe level that does not require clinical treatment, 100-150 micrograms requires dynamic monitoring and social intervention, and above 200 micrograms requires hospital consultation. Social intervention means to remove the risk factors of lead contamination: don’t take children to play near the roads with high traffic and lead working factories; wash hands and cut nails frequently; drain some overnight water that may be contaminated with lead when using tap water in the morning; eat less food with high lead content such as puffy eggs and popcorn. To increase the intake of vitamin C, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, pay attention to the daily food to ensure rich in calcium, iron, zinc, and control the amount of fat. The treatment of ADHD is a comprehensive approach, including attention training, behavior modification therapy, medication, psychotherapy and so on. Therefore, if parents suspect that their child has hyperactivity, they should go to the hospital for examination and treatment of the right cause.