The presence of protein in the urine is called proteinuria, also known as urinary protein. Normal urine contains a small amount of small molecules of protein, which cannot be detected by regular urine tests. When the protein in the urine increases and can be detected by regular urine tests, it is called proteinuria.
Causes
After strenuous exercise, extreme period of fever, eating a high protein diet; Nutcracker phenomenon; various kidney diseases and renal vascular disease, etc.
Common symptoms
Low back pain is common, but some patients have mild or no symptoms.
The clinical manifestations of low back pain caused by different etiologies vary as follows.
1.Functional proteinuria
Functional proteinuria is a mild (24-hour urine protein quantification usually does not exceed 0.5-1 gram), temporary proteinuria, and the proteinuria disappears rapidly after the cause is removed. It often occurs in young adults, and can be seen after mental stress, severe cold or heat, long marches, strong physical labor, congestive heart failure, and eating a high protein diet.
2.Postural proteinuria
There is no urinary protein in the morning urine, and proteinuria gradually appears after getting up and moving around. When standing or walking for a long time or strengthening the anterior convexity posture of the spine, the urinary protein content increases, and the urinary protein content decreases or disappears after lying down and resting for one hour, which mostly occurs in young people or adults with long and lean body types. Repeated postural proteinuria requires attention except for nephropathy, such as nutcracker phenomenon (also called left renal vein compression syndrome, which is caused by the aorta and superior mesenteric artery squeezing the left renal vein).
3.Pathological proteinuria
Proteinuria persists with high protein content in urine, and routine urinalysis is often combined with hematuria, leukocyturia and tubular urine. It can be accompanied by other renal disease manifestations, such as hypertension and edema. Pathological proteinuria is mainly seen in various glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases, hereditary nephropathy, renal vascular diseases and other renal diseases. Common ones such as.
(1) primary glomerular diseases.
(2) Secondary glomerular diseases.
(3) tubulointerstitial renal disease.
(4) hereditary nephropathies such as Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, thin basement membrane nephropathy, congenital nephrotic syndrome, etc., due to genetic abnormalities that lead to structural defects in the kidney, resulting in varying degrees of proteinuria.
(5) Other .
For example, plateau proteinuria can be seen in people who enter the plateau stay from the plain, positive urine protein, quantitative >400 mg/24 hours, no proteinuria before going to the plateau, onset after entering the plateau, oxygen intake can be improved, return to the plain back to normal.
Therefore, the first thing to do when proteinuria is found is to clarify the cause, avoid panic and treat it in time.