The best treatment option for early stage prostate cancer patients is radical prostatectomy, but many patients are found to have tumors that are not confined to the interior of the prostate (breaking through the prostate envelope) during the pathological examination after surgery, and some tumors even invade the seminal vesicles, bladder neck, or cancer cells appear at the cut edge of the surgically removed specimen. For these patients, adjuvant therapy is required. Adjuvant therapy is a form of treatment after surgery to further remove the residual tumor cells in the body when radical prostate cancer surgery has failed to remove the tumor as expected, thus improving the surgical outcome. In the same way as neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostate cancer surgery, postoperative adjuvant therapy is often chosen as a means of hormonal therapy. When the above mentioned unfavorable pathological features appear, it often indicates that there is residual tumor in the body, and prostate cancer is a highly androgen-dependent tumor, so if hormone therapy can be administered after surgery to block the nutritional effect of androgens on cancer cells, it is expected to achieve the effect of “mending the fold”. Which patients are suitable for post-surgical hormone therapy? Studies have confirmed that postoperative pathology suggesting stage T3 tumors is the best indication for adjuvant therapy. In addition, some patients with stage T2 but pathologically confirmed lymph node metastases are also suitable for post-operative adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant therapy is the use of drugs to bring the testosterone in the patient’s body to depot levels. In a broad sense, as long as some kind of treatment is used after surgery to further remove possible residual cancer cells from the body, this treatment can be called adjuvant therapy after radical prostate cancer surgery. In this sense, chemotherapy is also considered adjuvant therapy if it is supplemented with radiation therapy after surgery. Chemotherapy is currently not widely practiced because of the many adverse effects. However, from the latest information on chemotherapy for prostate cancer, chemotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Therefore, postoperative adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy in selected patients may become a research focus in urology.