Urolithiasis is one of the common diseases in urology and is the first among urological inpatients. The incidence of urinary stones in China is 1%-5%, and up to 5%-10% in the south; the annual new incidence is about 150-200/100,000 people, of which 25% of patients need hospitalization. Therefore, it is important to prevent the occurrence of kidney stones. Commonly used prevention methods are as follows: a. Ensure adequate water intake Especially in summer and at night, it is important to emphasize drinking water before bedtime and again in the middle of the night. It is better to drink magnetized water with less minerals to ensure that the daily water intake is above 2.5-3.0L to dilute urine, reduce crystal precipitation, flush the urinary tract and discharge tiny stones. Dietary composition should be determined according to the type of stone・and the pH of urine. For calcium oxalate stones, foods high in oxalic acid, such as spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, beets, lobelia, black tea, chocolate, etc., and foods high in calcium, such as milk, cheese, etc., should be avoided. For idiopathic hypercalciuria should: restrict calcium intake to reduce calcium levels. If stones are formed due to increased excretion of urinary oxalic acid as a result of a low-calcium diet, a low-calcium diet is not advisable. In case of hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria, eat a low purine diet and avoid animal offal, coarse grains and legumes. Actively treat the diseases that cause kidney stones, such as removing thyroid adenoma, controlling renal pelvic infection and removing urinary tract obstruction. For high calcium urine, take 25-50mg of dihydrocoumaric acid orally twice a day to increase the absorption of calcium by the renal tubules and reduce urinary calcium excretion. For high uric acid, take 100mg of allopurinol orally twice a day to control the increase of uric acid. The kidney stone patients often “talk about calcium”, wrongly believe that the culprit of kidney stone is calcium, in fact, kidney stone patients also need calcium supplementation. The first is that calcium supplements can combine with oxalic acid contained in vegetables in the gastrointestinal tract to form insoluble calcium oxalate, which is excreted in the feces, reducing the amount of oxalic acid absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and excreted by the kidneys, thus reducing the chance of forming kidney stones. The second is the “acid-base balance theory” proposed by Japanese scholars. In other words, when blood is acidic, stones are easily formed. When it is alkaline, it inhibits the formation of stones. When the blood is acidic when calcium is lacking, the blood will be alkaline when calcium is reasonably supplemented, which will help to inhibit stone formation.