In recent years, the incidence of osteoporosis has increased linearly, and the number of osteoporosis patients in China has climbed from 69.44 million six years ago to 100 million now, with a prevalence rate of 6.97% and a prevalence rate of 56% for people over 60 years old, and as high as 60% to 70% for elderly women. By 2050, osteoporosis is expected to occur in 51% of the population. Osteoporosis has become a serious threat to human health. On the one hand, the incidence of osteoporosis is high and harmful, but on the other hand, people’s awareness is generally vague and they do not pay attention to it, always thinking that osteoporosis is very far away from them, unlike cardiovascular disease and cancer which are so terrible. How does osteoporosis come about? Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease characterized by less mineral content in the bone, reduced bone density and increased brittleness, which makes it easy to fracture. The human body has the highest bone mass and bone density at the age of 30, and by the age of 60 to 80, bone loss can reach 20% to 30% in men and 35% to 50% in women. The metabolism and renewal of bone tissue are slow. The bone reconstruction cycle of adult cancellous bone is 4-5 months, while cortical bone is longer, and it takes about 10 years to renew all over again. The annual bone turnover rate is 25% for cancellous bone and 4% for cortical bone. Osteoblasts are equally present in osteoclasts and osteogenesis, and osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity is greater than that of osteoblasts. The causes of osteoporosis are related to endocrine dysfunction, genetics, nutrition and other factors. In old age, with changes in hormones and metabolic levels, the body becomes deficient in active vitamin D, which in turn causes a decrease in the utilization of calcium by the body and a decrease in bone mass. In general, uncontrollable risk factors include race, old age, menopause, maternal family history, etc., while controllable factors include weight, medications (e.g. corticosteroids), diseases affecting bone metabolism (e.g. rheumatoid, thyroid or parathyroid diseases, diabetes, digestive system diseases), smoking, excessive alcohol or coffee consumption, lack of physical activity, lack of calcium in the diet, vitamin D deficiency, etc. Bone density test is the gold standard for diagnosis! Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis is the bone densitometry (especially dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) test, which compares the measured bone density value with the bone density of normal young people of the same sex, and the difference of 1 standard deviation in the mean value is equivalent to a 12% reduction in bone density value. Older adults over 65 years of age; adults with a history of fragility fractures or a family history of fragility fractures; middle-aged and older adults who are more than 3 centimeters shorter than when they were younger; adults with low sex hormone levels; smokers and alcoholics; and those who stopped menstruating before the age of 45 are all at high risk of developing osteoporosis and should undergo bone density testing. Even teenagers should pay attention to the monitoring of bone density. Low back pain spinal deformation fracture is the most common and typical symptom. In the early stage of simple osteoporosis, there are no symptoms most of the time, so some people call it a “silent disease”; but as osteoporosis becomes more serious, a series of symptoms will appear, with pain, spinal deformation, fragility fracture is the most common. 1, low back pain: osteoporosis-induced low back pain accounts for 67% of the prevalence, some are also accompanied by numbness of the limbs, general weakness or nerve radiating burning pain, etc.. This kind of pain is light day and heavy night, heavy during activities, initially only when the activity, a little rest can be relieved, with the progress of the disease, the performance of persistent pain, this is because the spine weight-bearing capacity is reduced, resting back muscles are still in a state of tension. Sometimes it is accompanied by multiple bone and joint pains, soft tissue twitching pains or nerve radiating pains. The pain can be aggravated if a certain posture, force or weight is maintained for a long time. 2, spinal hunchback deformity: weakened bone strength will lead to the weight-bearing capacity of the spine, the gravity of its own weight, but also the deformation of the column-shaped vertebrae, hunchback or height shortening. 3, fragility fracture: osteoporosis, bone “weak”, even coughing and sneezing such as vibration, can cause fragility fracture. According to a survey, the risk of fragility fracture during the lifetime of women is about 40%, which is higher than the sum of the prevalence of breast cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer; the risk of fragility fracture during the lifetime of men is 13%, which is higher than the prevalence of prostate cancer. Among them, femoral neck fractures amounted to 62% in women and 22.6% in men at the age of 80. It is generally accepted that fractures occur when the body loses 20% or more of its bone mass. Fractures can lead to increased disability and mortality. Many elderly people, because of an accidental fall and fracture, have changed the course of their lives, either dying quickly or becoming disabled, and their quality of life has decreased significantly. Bone health should start at an early age, and prevention is number one!