The detection indexes in the early stage of kidney disease are mainly urine related examination, including two categories of glomerular injury related indexes and tubular injury related indexes. Because under the strong compensatory ability of the kidney, only when the kidney is very seriously damaged, the indicators in the blood will have more obvious abnormal changes. Therefore the changes of blood indicators such as blood creatinine and urea nitrogen are relatively late. Common glomerular injury related indicators are urine microalbumin, urine immunoglobulin G, urine red blood cells and so on. Common indicators related to tubular injury are urinary low molecular weight protein and urinary enzymes. Urinary low molecular weight proteins include urinary a1 microglobulin and urinary β2 microglobulin, urinary retinol binding protein. Urinary enzymes include urinary lysosomal enzymes and urinary lysozyme. Abnormalities of early kidney function indexes are important for the detection of kidney diseases. Patients who find abnormalities of the above indexes in the examination report should bring the report to professional hospitals in time for active treatment under the guidance of physicians.