At present, the most commonly used serological markers to check hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), thus referred to as the “hepatitis B two-and-a-half”. “The function of this test is mainly in three aspects: ① to determine the presence of HBV infection; ② to determine the size of the infectiousness of HBV-infected patients; ③ as one of the bases for antiviral treatment and efficacy judgment of chronic hepatitis B patients. The “major three positives” are: HBsAg(+), anti-HBs(-), HBeAg(+), anti-HBe(-) and anti-HBc(+), indicating HBV infection with active viral replication and strong infectivity. “Minor triple positive” is: HBsAg(+), anti-HBs(-), HBeAg(-), anti-HBe(+) and anti-HBc(+), indicating the presence of HBV infection but relatively quiescent viral replication and relatively weak infectivity; however, some However, due to the mutation of the pre-C region of HBV, some patients may still have significant viral replication and activity despite their hepatitis B half-transmission indicating “small triple-positive”. The most direct reference indicator of the infectiousness of HBV-infected patients should be the level of HBV DNA replication (i.e., hepatitis B viral load), and regular testing of HBV DNA, liver function, HBV serological markers and ultrasound is recommended for HBV-infected patients. HBsAg-positive patients with elevated transaminase levels should be seen immediately at a hepatitis clinic, and if antiviral therapy is indicated, standardized antiviral therapy is recommended. At the same time, pay attention to rest and a light diet. For HBsAg-positive patients with normal liver function, no special treatment is needed for the time being, but hepatitis outpatient follow-up is required once every 3-5 months, and liver function, alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound monitoring are routinely performed. According to research, HBsAg-positive mothers infect their babies through childbirth, which is an important transmission route for hepatitis B. Moreover, 40% to 70% of babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers will become chronic HBsAg carriers. If the mother is “major triple positive”, then the mother’s infection rate to the baby during delivery is even higher, up to 90% or more. Now that medicine is advanced, it is possible for a patient with “major triple-positive” to have a healthy baby. If the mother is single-positive for HBsAg, she can receive 20 μg of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth and at 1 and 6 months of age, and statistical analysis shows that the effect is good and the protection rate for the baby can be over 95%.