Gallstones, also known as cholelithiasis, are a common and prevalent disease that includes stones in the bile ducts and gallbladder. According to the chemical composition of stones, they are divided into cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones and mixed stones. The etiology and pathogenesis of different types of gallstones vary. The pathogenic mechanisms are mainly biliary tract infection, bile composition changes, and abnormal biliary tract motor function. The main formation factors are: 1. Environmental and dietary factors: the incidence of gallbladder stones is relatively high in economically developed cities in China as well as in the northwest, which may be related to dietary habits, long-term consumption of high-fat, high-protein, high-calorie foods and not eating breakfast can promote the formation of gallstones. Therefore, increasing the intake of soluble dietary fiber is a protective factor to prevent gallstones. 2, age, gender factors: such as the high incidence of gallbladder stones is 50-59 years old, the incidence is increasing with age, and the incidence of women is higher than that of men. Pregnancy pregnancy can also increase the likelihood of gallstones. The incidence of cholesterol stones is also high when taking small doses of estrogen after menopause. 3, self factors: obesity, sudden weight loss, as well as hyperlipidemia, cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus lead to a significantly higher incidence of gallstone disease. 4, genetic factors: it is believed that cholelithiasis is a polygenic genetic disease. American Indians in the age of 25-34 years old prevalence rate is greater than 70%, is the world’s highest incidence of gallstone population. In gallstone disease families, the high incidence of youth is its characteristic. The factors of gallstone formation are also common risk factors for gallstone disease and can be summarized as poor dietary habits, female, older than 40 years, multiple births, obesity and family history. Therefore, in daily life, we can prevent according to these risk factors.