Kidney cancer is one of the common tumors in the urinary tract, with an incidence rate of about 6-7/100,000 (this number is still growing rapidly). There is no need to be overly panic and don’t be afraid when kidney cancer is diagnosed, even if it is at an advanced stage, because the treatment options for kidney cancer are relatively mature now. With the increasing popularity of health checkups, most kidney cancers can be detected at an early stage through ultrasound examination. Doctors will choose the suitable surgery plan according to the tumor size and invasion location. However, it is also reminded that kidney is a “silent” organ and cancer does not show typical symptoms in the early stage of the disease. If patients show obvious discomfort, such as blood in urine, back pain and lumps (i.e. “kidney cancer triad”), they may be in the advanced stage of kidney cancer. Meanwhile, the cancer cells may have metastasized, and the most common location of metastasis is lung, followed by bones, brain, liver and many other organs. Therefore, patients with advanced kidney cancer cannot be treated by surgery alone, and need to be treated by an integrated approach based on surgery combined with medical treatment. Internal medicine treatment is divided into pre-operative treatment and post-operative treatment, but if distal metastasis occurs in kidney cancer and cannot be operated, then only drug treatment can be used alone. Pre-operative use of drugs can reduce the size of tumor. Patients who need radical resection can undergo partial nephrectomy to preserve kidney function; patients who are originally able to undergo surgery can undergo minimally invasive laparoscopic treatment; for patients treated postoperatively, drugs can inhibit tumor metastasis and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. For postoperative treatment, drugs can remove possible residual tumor cells, reduce the recurrence rate of cancer, prolong patients’ lives, and also help patients restore their immunity and improve their quality of life. Among the above-mentioned medical treatments, cytotoxic drugs (i.e. chemotherapy) have been proven to be very ineffective in kidney cancer treatment, while immune agents such as interferon, which were the only method of medical treatment for advanced kidney cancer in the past, are actually not very effective either. With the development of science, targeted therapy (a treatment modality using tumor cell-specific molecules as the target of drug action) has become the standard treatment for advanced kidney cancer. Compared with the commonly used interferon in the past, targeted therapy can slow down tumor progression, prolong patients’ life, significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the mortality rate of patients with advanced kidney cancer; especially for patients with metastasis, targeted therapy can effectively inhibit the growth of metastatic sites of cancer. Everyone should pay attention to health checkups in general, and seek timely medical treatment if kidney abnormalities are found. Early to mid-stage kidney cancer can be effectively treated by surgery, while diagnosed advanced kidney cancer does not need to be alarmed, and can be treated by targeted drugs combined with surgery. Compared with other cancers, the treatment methods of kidney cancer are relatively mature, and patients and family members should face it with optimism. Our goal is to make kidney cancer a cancer that does not affect life expectancy through reasonable treatment.