In our country, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection are the most direct causes for the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prognostic factors affecting the regression of primary hepatocellular carcinoma are as follows: i. The prognosis of HCC depends most on the early stage of the disease If small HCC with 2 cm resection without organ invasion, the 5-year survival rate can reach 60%-100%, while the 5-year survival rate after surgery with symptoms is less than 20%. Therefore, the key is early detection of HCC. Treatment and prognosis Early surgical treatment is the fundamental method. At present, lobectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma can have the hope of radical cure. According to the location and size of tumor, the choice of surgical method is also an important part to ensure the success of surgery. Generally, the recurrence rate after surgery is 40%-60%, therefore, postoperative chemotherapy is needed to achieve the goal of radical cure. Primary liver cancer is not easily detected in early stage, so 70% of the patients have lost the opportunity of surgery when they are found to have liver cancer. Currently, the 5-year survival rate of non-surgical treatment is 20%. The choice of treatment plan has a great influence on the prognosis. The efficacy of anti-cancer drugs alone is poor, and better results can be expected with combined or sequential treatment. Hepatic artery chemoembolization is appropriate for patients who have lost their surgical cell phone. If combined with radiotherapy, the 3-year survival rate can reach 60%. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy at 196℃ is simple and effective, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 50% when applied to small hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the application of cyclosporine A to suppress immune rejection after liver transplantation can achieve a 5-year survival rate of 60% for patients without lymphatic system metastasis, but only 15% for those with metastasis. Cellular immune function such as T cells, lymphokine-activated cells (LAK), natural killer cells (NK), etc., their activity and the degree of lymphocyte infiltration around the tumor are the defense barriers of human body against tumor. The prognosis is better if the immune function is normal. Those with significantly elevated transpeptidase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) produced by the deteriorating transformation of pre-cancerous cells have a high rate of post-operative recurrence. The 1-year survival rate was 100% for those with fetal nail globule (AFP) 1000 micrograms/liter; the 1-year survival rate was 51,3% for those with AFP <5000 micrograms afp="">5000 micrograms/liter. According to the statistics of different regions in China, 70%-80% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are combined with post-hepatitis cirrhosis, and another 10%-30% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are only with slow-acting liver. Therefore, liver function status is very important for treatment and prognosis. In a survey of 224 patients, it was found that the 2-year survival rate was 5% for those with serum bilirubin >17.1 micromol/liter and none of those with bilirubin >34.2 micromol/liter survived for 1 year. In cases with decompensated cirrhosis, liver cancer may lead to death from liver failure at an early stage. Therefore, the more serious the original liver disease is when liver cancer is detected, the worse the treatment effect and the higher the death rate. V. Pathology and prognosis of liver cancer It is generally believed that the survival rate is high for small cancer. If the area of cancer is >10 cm, the 1-year survival rate is 37.5%; if the area of cancer is <10 cm, the 1-year survival rate is 63.2%. Those with low differentiation of cancer have high malignancy and are prone to metastasis, leading to death in a short period of time. The 5-year survival rate of single small hepatocellular carcinoma is 10 times higher than that of multiple carcinoma nodules. The 5-year survival rate is 4 or 8% for those with fast growth rate and cancer thrombosis in portal vein, and 50% for those without cancer thrombosis. Irregular growth of tumor and absence of envelope suggest poor prognosis, even if surgery is performed, the result will not be good. If the tumor is clear cell carcinoma or fibrous lamellar carcinoma, the growth is slower, the cancer envelope is intact, or the amount of fibrous tissues is large, which limits the metastasis and spread of cancer to some extent, the prognosis is good.