As we all know, the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is currently a difficult and worldwide problem. At present, the main means of treatment worldwide is medication, while other treatments, such as psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and physical therapy, are basically supplementary. Even though medication is the mainstay, it still faces poor efficacy, and more than 70% of patients will eventually become chronic and decline. Although many new drugs have been introduced compared to the 1950s, the overall efficacy is still not fundamentally improved, and it is estimated that there will be no major changes in the foreseeable future decades. Mental illness is still a serious threat to human health, and it will be the last chronic disease to be conquered by human beings, or when human beings have conquered the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness, there will be no serious disease threat to human beings, and human beings will enter eternal life. So it is said that mental illness will be the last bastion of disease to be conquered by mankind. However, now the situation has been greatly improved, that is, the surgical treatment of mental diseases, that is, psychosurgery has made great progress. Surgery is the last and perhaps the only option for patients who have no hope of recovery from medication. This is especially true for patients with severe suicidal behavior or severe destructive aggressive behavior. Anyone with a little knowledge of neurobiology knows that by destroying the amygdala of aggressive animals, such as the rooster and the monkey king, it loses its aggressiveness and aggression, thus becoming mild and the monkey king no longer becomes the monkey king. Modern neurobiological research is already clear, such as depression, temper tantrums, negative emotions, and painful experiences of drug addicts in withdrawal are related to abnormalities in the amygdala; hallucinations and delusions are related to abnormalities in cortical function, especially in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the anterior cingulate gyrus and the limbic bad circuit. It is known that current pharmacological treatments are mainly therapeutic due to their binding to DA receptors on the limbic system loops and blocking DA function. Surgery, on the other hand, interrupts the DA pathway directly in the limbic system loop and works directly and rapidly without passing through the receptors. In clinical practice, the effect is really fast, most of the symptoms can disappear as soon as the anesthesia is awake; the affection can be restored immediately; the temper is instantly gentle; the curiosity to read books and newspapers can be restored after being locked up for more than 10 years, etc. Medication is not as effective as it should be, and surgery is the best alternative treatment after medication is ineffective, but there are still some psychiatrists who do not know much about it and are even strongly opposed to it. However, some psychiatrists do not know much about it and even oppose it. Few psychiatric hospitals are able to perform surgical treatment. There is a close connection between the physicians’ lack of understanding and the failure of psychiatric hospitals to carry out surgical treatment. There are several reasons why psychiatric hospitals fail to carry out surgical treatment: First, the lack of neurosurgeons who can carry out surgery, the surgeons in this area are called functional neurosurgeons, their skills should be based on general neurosurgery techniques, coupled with familiarity with functional stereotactic techniques and the treatment of functional neurological diseases; second, the lack of neurosurgery corresponding to the operating room, surgical intensive care unit, surgical anesthesia staff and functional neurological diseases. Care room, surgical anesthesia staff and facilities, etc.; Third, involving hospital services diagnosis and treatment settings, psychiatric hospitals to carry out surgical operations, to be approved by the health administrative department, otherwise it is illegal, not a large general hospital, the health administrative department generally will not approve psychiatric hospitals to carry out surgical operations; Fourth, many hospital managers do not yet understand the current laws and regulations on psychiatric surgery in China, still believe that mental illness The actual situation is that since the promulgation of the “Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China” in 2012 allows surgical treatment of mental illness; fifth, medical education and medical popularization is not enough, psychiatric surgery has been a gap in psychiatric education, so that in addition to a few directly involved in the work of psychiatric surgery, most psychiatrists do not understand the surgical treatment, because they do not understand so they are generally skeptical and As a result, most psychiatrists are not aware of surgical treatment, and because of this lack of understanding, they are generally skeptical and negative, and generally do not dare to refer patients to surgical treatment, or even oppose it. The current situation is: on the one hand, the high prevalence of mental illness, the danger to themselves and society, the existing conventional treatment methods are not as effective as desired; on the other hand, an effective treatment for refractory mental illness is facing a lot of resistance, not for the complete knowledge of society, especially the conservative forces in the field of professional obstruction, really feel perplexing, and it must be said that it is the sadness of society. Nowadays, whether in China or in the developed countries of the world, there are numerous incidents of mentally ill people endangering society, which has constituted a major social and world-wide hidden danger for civilized society. Of course, there is still no perfect treatment for mental illness in the world, so does there have to be a flawless means to be accepted by the whole society? Is it not enough that thousands of people with mental illness, their families and society suffer so much? Is it not enough to say that the harm we have done to the mentally ill is not serious enough? Do we have to let it continue to wreak havoc?