Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor after breast cancer among women worldwide. According to the estimation of International Agency for Research on Cancer in recent years, there are more than 1.5 million cases of cervical cancer in 5 years, of which more than 1 million are in developing countries. China has a vast territory and a large population, and there are 131,500 new cases of cervical cancer every year, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number of new cases of cervical cancer in the world. Behavioral risk factors, such as early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, oral contraceptives, smoking, multiple pregnancies and births, low socio-economic status, poor nutrition and sexual confusion of spouses, etc. 2, Biological aspects, including infection by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and chlamydia. 3.Genetic susceptibility. Although cervical cancer is the main danger threatening women’s health and life, it is an infectious disease and a disease that can be prevented and cured because: it has been recognized and understood that its cause is mainly human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; careful and regular screening and active treatment of precancerous lesions can stop the development of the disease and prevent cervical cancer, especially the occurrence of middle and late stage cervical cancer; early diagnosis can achieve cure. Therefore, screening and prevention of cervical cancer are especially important. Screening is the main means to prevent and control cervical cancer: The practice of all countries proves that census can reduce the occurrence and death of cervical invasive cancer, the reason is that cervical cancer has a series of precursor lesions, and it takes about 10 years to develop from cervical precancerous lesions to cervical cancer. These precancerous lesions can exist for many years, and the cervix has a favorable anatomical location that is easily exposed for observation, palpation and sampling, and can be further treated or tested if detected at the precancerous stage. The treatment effect of early cervical lesions is much better than that of cervical cancer. The five-year survival rate is reported to be 67% for cervical cancer, 90% for early cervical cancer, and almost 100% for cervical cancer in situ. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through screening to reduce the incidence and mortality rate of cervical invasive cancer. Survey data from many countries and regions show that since the introduction of Pap smear, the incidence of cervical invasive cancer in the screened population has been reduced by 70%-90%, while the incidence level in the unscreened population has not changed much. The incidence of cervical cancer in China is usually above 35 years old, with a peak age of 45-59 years old. In recent years, due to the increase of HPV infection, the incidence of cervical cancer in young women has a significant upward trend, with the incidence increasing at a rate of 2%-3% per year. Therefore, married women should pay attention to sexual hygiene to reduce not only the occurrence of cervical cancer, but also the risk of other sexually transmitted diseases, and women over 30 years old should have annual gynecological examination and cervical smear to prevent the disease before it happens; early detection of cervical cancer and timely and appropriate treatment can achieve a cure rate of almost 100%. The preliminary results of clinical trials on HPV vaccine are encouraging and it is estimated that the vaccine will be finally available in three to five years. Experts predict that in the near future, cervical cancer will be the first malignancy that humans will be able to fully prevent and eradicate with immunization methods.