Hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) is a malignant tumor of the liver, which is a difficult part of malignant tumor treatment because of its insidious onset, asymptomatic early stage, rapid development in the middle stage and easy metastasis in the late stage. High-risk groups for liver cancer: 1. Hepatitis B and C patients (including virus carriers), 2. People who drink excessive alcohol for a long time, 3. People who consume moldy and contaminated food and water for a long time, etc. 4. 4. Long-term use of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine with liver toxicity, etc. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on: 1. Imaging examination: solid mass in liver detected by ultrasound, CT, MRI. 2.Hematological examination: positive hepatitis test, high cancer index AFPCEACA199, etc. 3.Life habits: history of long-term medication, history of long-term excessive alcohol consumption, long-term consumption of moldy and contaminated food and drinking water, etc. Survival period of liver cancer patients: Survival period of liver cancer patients is related to the size of tumor, malignancy degree of cancer cells, presence or absence of vascular invasion, presence or absence of near and distant metastasis, patient’s physical quality, nutritional status and physical resistance, and also related to the appropriateness of treatment method selection. The natural course of liver cancer from hepatocellular malignancy to death of the patient is about 24 months. The natural course from detectable tumor (1cm) to death of the patient is about 14 months. The 5-year survival rate for non-surgical treatment is about 20%. With appropriate treatment, the 5-year survival rate of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (3 cm diameter without vascular invasion) is 60%-70%, and some patients can survive longer term or even be completely cured. With proper treatment, some large hepatocellular carcinomas with low biological activity can also achieve long-term survival. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (including patients with branch vessel thrombosis and bile duct thrombosis) can also achieve longer-term survival with reasonably arranged comprehensive treatment. In conclusion, the earlier liver cancer is detected and the smaller the tumor is, the simpler, less traumatic, less costly and more effective the treatment will be. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: 1.Hepatic examination once every six months for high-risk groups, 2.Actively treat underlying diseases and control hepatitis, 3.Avoid long-term excessive alcohol consumption and long-term consumption of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine with liver toxicity, etc. 4.Avoid consuming moldy contaminated food and drinking water.