What are the causes of obstetric shock?

  Obstetric shock only refers to the shock that occurs in the maternity specific shock, refers to the shock that occurs in direct relationship with pregnancy and delivery. Obstetric shock is mainly hemorrhagic shock, followed by infectious shock and shock due to other special reasons, so obstetric shock is divided into hemorrhagic shock and non-hemorrhagic shock. Patients mainly present with indifferent expression, unresponsiveness, cyanosis of the lips and extremities, cold sweating, fine and rapid pulse rate, and low pulse pressure difference.      Causes of morbidity: 1. Hemorrhagic shock (1) Pregnancy ① Ectopic pregnancy: miscarriage or uterine rupture.  (2) Intrauterine pregnancy: incomplete abortion, premature abortion, placenta praevia, placenta abruptio cervical pregnancy with impaired coagulation mechanism.  (2) During delivery: bleeding from ruptured vulvovaginal varices, vaginal cervical and uterine injury or rupture, ruptured parametrial plexus, broad ligament hematoma, sail placenta, etc.  (3) After delivery of fetus: postpartum hemorrhage, uterine contraction, retained or residual placenta, partially implanted placenta, soft birth canal laceration, coagulation mechanism disorder post cesarean section wound dehiscence.  2, non-hemorrhagic shock (1) anesthesia reaction: anesthetic allergy, anesthetic overdose, lumbar anesthesia or epidural anesthesia into the spinal cavity by mistake.  (2) Surgical operation: retained placenta repeatedly squeezing the uterus to cause uterine inversion, hand stripping placenta, scraping, mid-term induction of labor intrauterine injection, traumatic shock.  (3) supine hypotensive syndrome: full-term supine delivery, the uterus compresses the aorta to reduce the amount of cardiac blood return, shock can occur.  (4) Hyponatremia syndrome: sodium loss due to long-term consumption of low salt or salt-free diet, taking diuretics or dehydration from heat stroke.  (5) Abortion or puerperal infection sepsis: Especially illegal abortion and old method of delivery are prone to gram-negative bacterial infection and endotoxin infection with sinister symptoms. Infectious shock is a serious complication of obstetric infection.  (6) Embolism: amniotic fluid embolism, thromboembolism, air embolism, venous embolism through the uterine blood sinus, pulmonary hypertension, if the embolus is small, can also occur through the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary vein cerebral embolism. Diffuse intravascular coagulation.  (7) Microangiopathic hemolysis: Hellp syndrome, this syndrome relies on laboratory screening to confirm the diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, untimely treatment can lead to liver, brain and kidney hemorrhage, shock and activated intravascular coagulation.