During Thyroid Awareness Month each January, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists publishes guidelines on the treatment and management of thyroid nodules. The guidelines were jointly published in 2010 with 3 of the world’s most respected medical societies for the treatment of thyroid disorders, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and the European Thyroid Association (ETA). Guidelines on the treatment and management of thyroid nodules are now available free of charge on the website. Daniel S. Duick, M.D., former president of AACE and current president of the American College of Endocrinology, said, “This update of the guidelines represents a comprehensive review and revision of the guidelines originally published by AACE-AME in 2006. This guideline is the most authoritative and comprehensive written published guideline on the management of thyroid nodules available.” The new guidelines emphasize the use of ultrasound (US) as a key diagnostic basis in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and as an indication for performing needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), and recommend the widespread use of FNA for collaborative testing. The new guidelines also include a 5-grade system of cytology reporting and interpretation (grade 1 nodules without a diagnosis of thyroid; grade 2 nodules with a diagnosis of thyroid initiation; grade 3 follicular lesions; grade 4 suspicious; and grade 5 malignant) and updated information on the role of laboratory tests and radiology in the diagnosis of disease. In addition, thyroxine therapy is not recommended for most patients with thyroid nodules. The guidelines also confirm that the management of other interventions, such as percutaneous anhydrous ethanol injections for cystic nodules, or future surgical procedures such as laser and other thermal ablation techniques when the patient has symptoms of compression while surgery can be decreased are at risk for ultrasound-guided procedures in patients with thyroid nodules. Yehuda Handelsman, M.D., president of the American Society for Clinical Endocrinology, this guideline provides endocrinologists with new tools as they examine the patient’s laboratory checklist as well as radiological findings while allowing for a thorough description of the diagnostic findings by ultrasound and perform ultrasound-guided surgical treatment. In addition, the guidelines include an illustration of the diagnostic approach in thyroid nodules, a chart that is consistent with the results of the US study that summarized some practical recommendation sheets for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules showing biopsies.”