With the development of medical research and the popularization of medical knowledge, the topic of male and female reproductive health has become more and more important to people, and “male infertility” has also been taken seriously. In order to diagnose and treat more accurately, the medical profession specifically on the “male infertility” under a definition, that is, couples cohabiting after marriage for more than one year, without taking contraceptive measures, the female side of the examination is normal and has not been conceived, can be diagnosed as male infertility. Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Urology Tan Guangxing infertility causes male and female each accounted for 1 / 3, the remaining 1 / 3 for men and women are not normal, a variety of reasons lead to the occurrence of male infertility. Due to congenital dysplasia, acquired fatigue, indulgence, alcohol consumption or living and working environment and many other factors will affect the male physiological health, resulting in a variety of male diseases, such as semen non-liquefaction, oligozoospermia or azoospermia, sperm morphology abnormalities, lack of sperm vitality, semen infection, etc. are the direct cause of male infertility. Below, we are divided into the following: 1, congenital developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary system, including: ① congenital developmental abnormalities of the penis, can not carry out normal sexual intercourse activities. ② urethral cleft or urethral hypospadias, that is, abnormal urethral opening site, resulting in sexual intercourse semen can not be ejaculated into the female body. ③ Congenital absence of testes, cryptorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia can affect sperm production and androgen secretion, which in turn cause infertility. The developmental abnormalities of vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate also affect fertility.2. Hereditary diseases, mainly chromosomal abnormalities, including hermaphroditic malformations and developmental abnormalities of reproductive organs. 3.Acquired injury of testis: mainly testicular injury caused by trauma and surgery, which affects the function of testis to produce spermatozoa. For example, hernia repair, syringomyelia surgery, testicular fixation surgery, etc. damage the testicular blood vessels, hindering the blood supply and causing testicular atrophy, which then results in insufficient spermatogenesis or no spermatogenesis.4. Syringomyelia: Syringomyelia compresses the blood circulation of testis, which can lead to testicular infection or atrophy. In addition, syringomyelia can also lead to a localized increase in the temperature of the testicles, which affects the quality of spermatozoa. The incidence rate of this disease after puberty is 16%-19%. 5, endocrine abnormalities, including: ① In the human brain, there is a gonad that secretes sex hormones, and when the function of the gonad is hyper or hypogonadal abnormality, it will affect the function of testicles to produce sperm. ② Pituitary gland and tumors around the pituitary gland, both of which can lead to disorders in the secretion of sex hormones, commonly elevated secretion of prolactin, leading to a decrease in androgen (testosterone), which can cause a decrease in the number of spermatozoa or low mobility, and also lead to a decrease in libido, affecting the number of inseminations. ③ Thyroid disease, mainly including both hyperthyroidism and lowered thyroid function. ④Adrenal gland diseases. ⑤ Diabetes.6. Abnormal immune function. There is a protective barrier in the male testis called the blood-testis barrier. It has a protective effect on sperm, and once this barrier is damaged, it can cause local or systemic immune diseases in the testes, producing a toxin attached to the sperm and affecting the combination of sperm and egg. This toxin is medically known as anti-sperm antibodies, under its influence, the sperm is difficult to combine with the egg, even if it can combine to make the woman pregnant, but also cause miscarriage. 7, sexual dysfunction, mental and psychological factors affecting sexual intercourse activities. Male sexual dysfunction causes infertility mainly refers to impotence and retrograde ejaculation, as well as ejaculation, these factors make the sperm can not enter the female vagina, sperm and egg in the natural state can not be combined, and can not be pregnant. 8, varicocele. The incidence of varicocele is quite high. In mild cases, it can be asymptomatic and only found during physical examination. The common manifestations are enlargement and swelling of one side of the scrotum, pulling and swelling discomfort in the left lower abdomen, or even pain. These symptoms usually worsen after standing, walking and physical labor. Varicocele can affect the blood supply to the testicles, cause the local temperature of the testicles to rise, and can also produce toxic substances, all of which will affect the quantity and quality of spermatozoa. 9, drugs and medications influence: such as nicotine, alcohol, opium and so on when excessive, can affect the sperm production. Antiepileptic drugs have a direct effect on spermatogenesis. 10, environmental impact. Miners, boilers, cooks, etc., who are overheated in the pit; too tight underwear; excessive smoking and drinking; long-term sauna or bath; sedentary; and hypoxic conditions can all affect fertility.11, infection of reproductive organs. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa and other infections can directly damage the testicles, seriously affecting spermatogenesis and reducing sperm activity and leading to infertility. For example, 20% of the cases of mumps in the pre-adolescent stage of development are complicated by testicular inflammation, resulting in infertility.12. Dietary factors. The long term over-eating spicy and stimulating food will affect the quality of semen. In addition, some vegetables also have a negative impact on sperm. There are also some places where long-term consumption of cottonseed oil causes damage to the sperm-producing tissues of the testicles, which cannot produce sperm. In conclusion, there are many causes of male infertility, and our understanding of these can help in prevention and better consultation and treatment. At the same time, the treatment of male infertility must be clear about the cause of the disease, so that targeted treatment can be taken to achieve good results. Otherwise, it will aggravate the condition, and also aggravate the mental and economic burden of the patient, and even affect the harmony of the family.