What are the latest advances in acne treatment?

Acne, commonly known as “pimples,” is common in adolescents and can also occur in adults. It is most common in people between the ages of 15 and 30, and the rash occurs on the forehead, cheeks, jaw and back of the chest, where the sebaceous glands are well developed. The lesions include whiteheads, blackheads, red papules, pustules, nodules, etc. In severe cases, abscesses, cysts and scarring can form. Acne is caused by four major factors: 1) endocrine disorders (mainly increased androgen levels); 2) increased sebum secretion; 3) hyperkeratosis at the opening of the sebaceous glands of hair follicles; and 4) Propionibacterium acnes infection. Acne is graded according to rash: 1, mild: acne only; 2, moderate: inflammatory papules; 3, moderate to severe: papules and pustules; 4, severe: nodules and cysts. Health education for patients 1. Diet: Limit the intake of spicy food, alcohol and sweets, and eat more vegetables and fruits. 2. Daily life: Avoid staying up late, long-term exposure to computers, sun exposure, etc. Pay attention to facial skin cleaning, moisturizing and oil control, and do not squeeze yourself. 3. Psychological guidance: Heavy acne patients are more likely to cause anxiety, depression and other psychological problems, so cooperate with the necessary psychological guidance. 4. Skin care products as an auxiliary treatment. According to the latest Chinese acne treatment consensus guidelines in 2014, acne treatment is divided into graded treatment, topical treatment, systemic treatment, and maintenance treatment. Mild acne can be treated with topical third-generation retinoid-adapalene gel; moderate acne can be treated with topical adapalene gel + benzoyl peroxide gel; moderate to severe acne requires oral antibiotics and anti-androgen drugs in addition to the above topical treatment; severe acne can be treated with isotretinoin pills on top of the medication used for moderate to severe acne, with a treatment cycle of no less than 16 weeks; if the acne is explosive or more severe aggregation type If necessary, glucocorticoids can be used systematically to control acne. Maintenance therapy means not to hastily stop the medication after the disease is controlled and significantly relieved, but to maintain the treatment for a period of time, and topical treatment with retinoic acid is the preferred maintenance therapy, generally the maintenance treatment cycle is 6-12 months. Antibiotics used systemically are recommended in the first line such as minocycline and doxycycline, but they are not recommended for patients under 16 years of age and can be replaced by macrolide endo-antibiotics. Chinese medicine treatment: Salvianolone capsules and acne pills have certain efficacy; physical therapy: red and blue light and photodynamic therapy can be used as adjunctive treatment, and acne scarring can be treated with non-ablative fractional laser.