Liver cancer is the 3rd leading cause of death among tumors worldwide, causing 250,000 to 1 million deaths each year, and China is a country with a high prevalence of liver cancer. The main cause of liver cancer is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the overall prevalence of liver cancer among HBV carriers is 0.5%, which tends to increase with age, and the prevalence can reach l% at the age of 70. Among HBV carriers, additional risk factors for the development of liver cancer are male patients, lack of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, increased DNA load, and a history of liver cancer and cirrhosis in the immediate family. Current effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma include liver resection, liver transplantation, and various local ablative therapies. The choice of treatment methods depends on patient and tumor-related factors as well as the technical level of the professional team. Surgical resection of early-stage liver cancer is still an important means to obtain long-term survival of liver cancer. With the advancement of early diagnosis technology, the resection rate of liver cancer has been significantly improved, nevertheless, the number of surgically resected tumors is still a minority due to the influence of many factors, such as liver function, advanced age, concomitant diseases and liver cancer status. Usually, the best treatment for limited hepatocellular carcinoma is radical surgery, but only about 20% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergo hepatectomy and are cured. Many patients are not suitable for radical hepatectomy due to large tumor or cirrhosis combined with liver reserve insufficiency. The widespread use of laparoscopic hepatectomy provides patients with a less invasive surgical method with similar tumor regression, with the advantages of reduced bleeding and shorter hospital stay. Since the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is related to the size, number, vascular invasion and growth pattern of the tumor, adjuvant therapy should be used after liver resection to reduce the recurrence rate of the tumor. Liver transplantation therapy Liver transplantation is considered as another main treatment method for liver cancer. In liver transplantation, since both the tumor and cirrhotic liver are removed, the risk of recurrence of intrahepatic tumor and death of patients due to complications such as liver failure and portal hypertension can be effectively reduced. Therefore, liver transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with early-stage small hepatocellular carcinoma combined with liver function Child B and C cirrhosis. However, the development of liver transplantation is greatly limited by the shortage of donor livers. In recent years, the increasing number of living liver transplants among liver cancer patients has alleviated the contradiction between the increasing number of liver cancer patients suitable for transplantation and the shortage of cadaveric donor livers. If liver cancer patients have a long waiting time for liver transplantation, transhepatic artery chemoembolization therapy (TACE) or local ablation therapy may be considered to slow down the growth of liver cancer. China has officially started the heart death organ donation (DCD), and with the process of DCD, the shortage of donor liver will be improved. Local ablation therapy Local ablation technology provides the primary option for small hepatocellular carcinoma that is not suitable for surgical treatment. Local ablation therapy is a low-invasive method to kill cancer cells with drugs or ablate the tumor with energy to achieve therapeutic effect. Among the different local ablation treatment methods, percutaneous alcohol injection (PEI), percutaneous microwave curing (PMCT), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are commonly used. RFA is a curative treatment option for patients without extrahepatic tumors, for newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma, for patients with unresectable tumors, for patients with <4 tumors and <5 cm in diameter, or as a transitional treatment for liver transplantation, either by interventional percutaneous puncture, laparoscopy or dissection. The advantage of percutaneous interventional methods is that they are less invasive, while the advantages of laparoscopy or dissection are that they are more precise and allow the use of intraoperative probes to detect tumors that are not visible on preoperative images. The goal of radiofrequency ablation is to create a necrotic cavity lesion that is larger than the tumor calculated by CT or MRI before treatment. Comparison of tumor and cavity size is used to assess both the extent of tumor ablation and the likelihood of tumor recurrence. Currently, continuous dynamic MRI or multiphase spiral CT scans are used to plan radiofrequency ablation treatment and to assess treatment outcomes. Radiofrequency ablation has a good safety profile, with an overall morbidity and mortality rate of 0.5%, an overall complication rate of 8.9%, and a good long-term outcome. Hepatic artery chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic artery chemoembolization with drug-eluting particles (DEB-TACE) therapy The normal blood supply to the liver comes mainly from the portal vein (about 80%), while the hepatic artery supplies only a small amount of blood (about 20%). However, in hepatocellular carcinoma, the main blood supply comes from the hepatic artery (90% to 100%). Therefore, the injection of chemotherapeutic drugs through hepatic artery can not only increase the concentration of drugs in tumor tissues, but also significantly reduce the systemic side effects of chemotherapy. The suspension of chemotherapy drugs with iodide oil can make the drugs highly concentrated in the tumor, and the concentration can be 10 to 100 times higher than that of general peripheral intravenous drugs or oral drugs, and the drugs can stay in the tumor for weeks or even months. In addition, iodinated oil has the effect of embolizing the microscopic blood vessels of tumors. Injecting embolic agent into the hepatic artery can block the blood supply to the liver tumor. If embolic agents are used together with chemotherapeutic drugs, the effect is even more complementary, causing more significant necrosis of tumor tissue than any single treatment method. In addition, embolization of the hepatic artery slows down the blood flow and prolongs the contact time between the drug and the cancer cells. The altered ischemia of the cancer cells may in turn allow for easier absorption of the drug into the cancer cells. TACE has become the main treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. DEB-TACE is a new drug delivery system that combines local embolization of arteries and chemotherapy in adjacent tissues, and is used in a similar way to conventional TACE.DEB-TACE particles are made of biocompatible polymeric materials that act as binders for chemotherapy. It reduces the blood supply to the tumor and the slow release of adriamycin enhances the local antitumor effect and reduces the exposure of other sites to chemotherapeutic agents. However, TACE or DEB-TACE alone is not enough to cure liver cancer or bring it into sustained remission. V. Molecular targeted therapy With the gradual understanding of the biology of cancer cells and molecular signal transduction system, several potential targets for intervention have been identified, which marks the advent of the era of effective targeted therapy for chemotherapy-resistant tumors. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor with strong anti-angiogenic effects, but it still has some limitations, with moderate efficacy in patients with child-Pugh grade A liver function. For most unselected patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, especially those with child-Pugh grade B and C, combined with cirrhosis or poor prognostic factors, the efficacy and safety of sorafenib still require further demonstration. Sunitinib, another anti-angiogenic multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has a partially overlapping range of target inhibition with sorafenib, but patients on sunitinib are more likely to experience treatment-related toxicity than patients on sorafenib. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is another potent pro-vascular growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells secrete FGF ligands and express FGF receptors. Brinibux is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the VEGF and FGF receptor families. The results of large phase 3 randomized trial studies that are comparing the efficacy of brinibux and sorafenib as first-line therapeutic agents or brinibux as second-line therapy after sorafenib failure in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma may help reveal the potential role of bFGF and VEGF-targeted dosing in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Linifanib (ABT-869) is another tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on VEGF and PDGF family receptors. Pazopanib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In preclinical models, pazopanib exhibited significant inhibition of cell proliferation and VEGF-induced VEGFR spent phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the study showed that pazopanib has good tolerability and antitumor efficacy.