The health of kidney is related to human life, however, various chronic kidney diseases can damage kidney function and cause uremia in serious cases, so that patients have to face the threat of death while enduring the pain and heavy economic burden, which shows how important it is to protect our kidneys. However, with the development of social economy, the aging of the population and the accelerated pace of life, the incidence of kidney disease is also on the rise. According to incomplete statistics, the current prevalence of kidney disease among adults in China is 8% to 10%, which is equivalent to one out of every 9 to 10 adults suffering from chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we must beware of the quiet “sneak attack” of chronic kidney disease. So how to do early detection of kidney disease? In fact, a simple routine urine test is all that is needed in clinical practice to get a preliminary understanding of kidney problems. In the early stage of kidney disease, when other laboratory or auxiliary tests are not obvious, the routine urine test may show abnormal results such as proteinuria and hematuria. Proteinuria is defined as a positive qualitative urine protein test (present ±~++++) or a 24-hour urine protein quantification greater than 0.15g/24h. Hematuria is defined as a urine sediment microscopy of greater than 3 red blood cells/high magnification field. Chronic kidney disease is often referred to as the “silent killer”, and many patients are only found to have proteinuria or hematuria during an occasional physical examination, but even then, the patient may not have any symptoms. Therefore, for mild proteinuria or hematuria, many patients often do not take it seriously, thinking that they will be fine as long as they rest properly or take some medication to regulate it. After a few years, when they are obviously unwell and then go to the doctor, they have already reached the advanced stage of kidney failure, which is really regrettable. Therefore, even mild proteinuria or hematuria should not be taken lightly, but must be traced to the end, diagnosed clearly and treated with the right medicine. Although different kidney diseases can manifest as egg urine or hematuria in the early stage, the clinical prognosis and treatment methods are very different and far from each other. For example, the same mild proteinuria with hematuria can be caused by either crescentic nephritis or mild membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and the former may lose all kidney function in just a few weeks, while the latter may remain stable after decades; the same microscopic hematuria can be caused by either renal prolapse, renal vein compression, or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and the former The former can be treated non-pharmacologically, while the latter needs to be treated actively with hormones, immunosuppressants and other drugs if necessary. Therefore, whether it is proteinuria or hematuria, before a clear diagnosis is made, we should not take it lightly, and we must conduct further comprehensive examinations and, if necessary, timely kidney puncture to clarify the primary cause and its severity, and then we can use the right medication. To achieve the above purpose, patients must go to a hospital with kidney specialist for detailed examination, because kidney disease is a very specialized type of disease, experienced specialist physicians, will provide the most scientific professional treatment plan, to protect your kidney function as much as possible. Therefore, it is not terrible to have early kidney lesions, but it is important to make a clear diagnosis in time, and if you take targeted treatment measures in time at the early stage of the disease, you can achieve twice the result with half the effort.